11세기 고려-여진관계와 귀화정책

Abstract

This study delves into what meanings of the invasion by East Jurchen Beonjeok(蕃賊), Goryeo's response to the invasion, Goryeo's setting up of Gimiju(羈縻州, the loose rein province) and naturalization policy have on the northern expansion policy in the 11th century of early days of Goryeo Dynasty, namely, during the reigns from King Hyunjong to King Munjong (1009~1083). Goryeo suffered from plenty of damages, due to East Jurchen pirates' invasion during the reigns from King Deokjong to King Jeongjong (1009~1046). As the northern boundary was confirmed with the fortress construction in 1033, Jurchen was classified into East Beon and West Beon. As organizing Jurchen villages in the boundary area into Goryeo's Gimi System(羈縻體制) which was loose rein area system, Gimiju(羈縻州) was set up. Goryeo won Jurchen chiefs over to their side by awarding local clerk posts or honorary general posts of Gimiju. On the contrary, the chiefs, who communicated secretly with Georan in Gimiju, were transferred to Goryeo's courthouse under escort; in this way, Goryeo executed military control in Gimiju. Goryeo went on a conquest of Beonjeok(蕃賊) of East Jurchen twice during the period of King Munjong (1045~1083). Goryeo also prohibited Jurchen chiefs' paying a tribute by closing border, when the invasion of Beon pirates was severe. Goryeo bolstered the control of Gimiju, and thus, separated Jurchen villages to shape buffer zone with antagonistic Jurchen tribes. In 1073, the Jurchen chiefs in Gimiju communicated secretly with the Goryeo Dynasty and requested that Goryeo's Guns and Hyeons (administrative district units) be set up. Gimiju that was set up to control Jurchen by Goryeo in the 11th century showed different nature from the policy to conquer the northern area(北進政策) implemented by Goryeo since King Taejo. Goryeo actually enforced a policy to manage Jurchen region directly in order to flexibly respond to the rapidly changing situation of the north to the constructed fortress. Jurchen villages' collective seeking of protection from the Goryeo Dynasty or Goryeo's conquest against Jurchen demonstrated in the latter part of King Munjong's reign can be viewed as achievements made by Gimiju operation and naturalization policy implemented over a century.