2005～2006년 고산지역 PM_(2.5), TSP 에어로졸 성분의 발생기원 조사

Abstract

The TSP and PM2.5 aerosols have been sampled at Gosan site between 2005 and 2006, and their ionic and metallic components were analyzed to understand the chemical characteristics and source origins of atmospheric aerosols. The concentrations of water-soluble components of TSP aerosols were in the order of nss-SO₄^(2-) ＞ NH₄^(+) ＞ Na^(+) ＞ NO₃^(-) ＞ Cl^(-) ＞ K^(+) ＞ nss-Ca^(2+) > Mg^(2+), and those of metal and sulfur elements were in the order of S ＞ Na ＞ Al ＞ Fe ＞ K ＞ Ca ＞ Mg ＞ Zn ＞ Pb ＞ Ti ＞ Mn ＞ V ＞ Ba > Cu ＞ Ni ＞ Sr ＞ Cr ＞ Co > Cd ＞ Mo. The concentrations of ionic species in PM2.5 aerosols have shown the order of nss-SO₄^(2-) ＞ NH₄^(+) > NO₃^(-) ＞ Na^(+) ＞ Cl^(-) ＞ K^(+) ＞ nss-Ca^(2+) ＞ Mg^(2+). From the study of size-segregated aerosol components, the concentration ratios of nss-SO₄^(2-), NO₃^(-), and NH₄^(+) in PM2.5/TSP particles were 0.6, 0.5, 0.8, respectively, and those were mostly in the fine particles (< 2.5 μm). But the ratios of nss-Ca^(2+), Na^(+), Cl^(-) and Mg^(2+) were lower than other components, and those were distributed in the coarse particles (> 2.5 μm). In the seasonal comparison, the soil components of nss-Ca^(2+), Al, Fe, Ca as well as the anthropogenic components of nss-SO₄^(2-), NO₃^(-), S, Zn and V showed higher concentration in spring season, when the westerly wind prevail. By the investigation of soil and seawater enrichment factors, it was found that Cl^(-) and Mg^(2+) were mostly originated from sea salt particles, and Fe, Ca, K, and Cd were delivered from soil particles. However the other components in aerosols were originated from another sources. Due to the factor analyses, the TSP aerosols in Gosan site have been found to be influenced largely by soil sources, and next by anthropogenic and marine sources. Meanwhile. the PM2.5 aerosols were largely influenced by anthropogenic sources, and followed by marine and soil sources. The backward trajectory analyses showed that the concentrations of nss-SO₄^(2-), NO₃^(-), Pb and nss-Ca^(2+) increased when the air masses moved from China continent to Gosan area. On the other hand, their concentrations decreased when the air masses moved from the North Pacific Ocean.