제주대학교 Repository

근대 제주불교사 연구

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Alternative Title
A Study on the modern history of Jeju Buddhism
Abstract
The national situation of the modern Korea influenced Korean Buddhism without exception. There were two different buddhist groups: one was Pro-Japanese and the other tried to stick to traditional Buddhism. The former group helped Pro-Japanese activities by obeying the Buddhist temple enforcement ordinance, and the latter group one participated in a national movement through its own way.
According to the current of social changes of the open port period, the Jeju Buddhism faced the changing current. From the appearance of becoming Buddhist monks to the Korean Liberation from Japan, the current of the Jeju society underwent changes and confusion of the times through the participation in the Anti-Japan movement or the obedience to the Japanese policy as the whole nation did. The Jeju Buddhism shared the conflicts of the times with the Korean Buddhism. Through the modern history of Jeju Buddhism In this study, I will show one aspect of modern Jeju people and the ways of ruling Jeju by Japan.
With the appearance of Jeju Buddhist monks such as Kang Chang-kyu and Kim Seok-woon, the Jeju Buddhism began the activities of the modern times. Ahan Bong-ryeu founded the Kwaneum temple , which became the center of Jeju Buddhism activities. The Beobjeong Temple Anti-Japan movement in 1918 took the initiative to recover national sovereignty by coping actively with the then situation in the occupation period by Japan. The Jeju Buddhist activities were banned for six years by the Japanese rule because the Jeju Buddhism took the lead in the Beobjeong Temple Anti-Japan movement. The Kwaneum Temple and Jeju Buddhist monks were not publicly recognized until 1930.
The Jeju Buddhist Association was formed in 1924 under the lead of Maeda Yoshiseujeu, a Japanaese Jeju governor and Lee Hoe-myeong, who promoted Pro-Japanese activities. This association consisted of community leaders in a variety of fields such as administration, politics, laws, finance and economy, so it was a Japan-led organization rather than a pure Buddhist organization. In the end, however, the Jeju Buddhist Association was able to participate in Pro-Japanese activities free from the record of Anti-Japan movement.
With Ahn Do-wol first recognized as Buddhist missionary worker of the Kwaneum temple, the Jeju Buddism was not exempted from the record of Anti-Japan movement until 1930. Ahn Do-wol attempted to promote independent activities with Jeju Buddhists in the center, but he died young. The Japanese mind and body training movement activated Jeju Buddhist activities. More temples were built, religious aspects of traditional Buddhism were propagated through the crowd. As Jeju Buddhist monks were involved in all sides of activities, the will for the independent activities by Jeju Buddhism led by Ahn Do-wol was firmly established. The Jeju Buddhist Association was able to take the lead in the whole Buddhist activities. The association was composed of Buddhist monks alone.
The Jeju Buddhist Training Center began to teach for its own Buddhist monk education and Buddhist temples participated in community activities in 1940. With the Liberation from Japan, the Jeju Buddhist Monk Meeting was held to give opportunity for repentance for Pro-Japanese careers by raising questions publicly, and effective measures for coping with them were agreed. They reached the agreement of approval of married Buddhist monks, fair use of temple wealth, and break free from folk belief elements. Above all, the banning of establishing a Buddhist main temple by the Buddhist temple enforcement ordinance was lifted, and The Jeju Buddhist Education Center came to be established independently. The Jeju April 3rd Uprising caused huge damages on the overall foundation of life and property established by the modern Jeju Buddhism. Temples and Buddhist statues were burnt down and demolished. A great many famous Buddhist monks were sacrificed while they were coping with the risky situations in the Jeju society. The activities that the modern Jeju Buddhism had dreamed of was faced with a period.
Considering the modern history of Jeju Buddhism, we can see that Jeju Buddhist monks not only participated in religious activities but also took part in the situations of the times. With the lift of the ban on entering the capital city by Buddhist monks, Buddhist monks were allowed to get married. Some Buddhist monks were involved in promoting activities against trampling national sovereignty. Although Buddhist monks promoted Pro-Japanese Buddhist activities in accordance with the Japanese policy, they joined the current of the Jeju society influenced by the tragic Jeju April 3rd Uprising by repenting Pro-Japanese careers and developing Buddhism revolution movements. These roles defined the nature of the Jeju Buddhism and constituted an aspect of the Jeju history.
Author(s)
한금순
Issued Date
2010
Awarded Date
2010. 8
Type
Dissertation
URI
http://dcoll.jejunu.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000005133
Alternative Author(s)
Han, Geum Soon
Affiliation
제주대학교 일반대학원
Department
대학원 사학과
Advisor
김동전
Table Of Contents
목 차





I. 머리말 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․1


II. 근대 제주불교의 태동과 관음사 창건 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․7
1. 전근대 제주불교 흐름 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․7
2. 근대 제주불교의 태동과 성격 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․8
3. 관음사 창건과 활동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․14
1) 관음사 창건 과정 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․14
2) 관음사의 제주불교 활동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․24


III. 근대 제주불교 사찰과 본사와의 관계 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․28
1. 근대 제주불교 사찰 현황 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․28
1) 본사와 말사와의 관계 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․29
2) 미인가 사찰 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․39
2. 근대 제주불교 주요 인물 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․41


IV. 1910년대 제주불교와 법정사 항일운동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․56
1. 1910년대 제주불교 동향과 항일의식 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․56
1) 한국불교계의 동향 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․57
2) 제주불교의 항일의식 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․58
2. 1918년 제주 법정사 항일운동의 성격 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․61
1) 법정사의 성격 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․62
2) 법정사 항일운동의 목적 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․64
3) 법정사 항일운동의 전개와 결과 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․66
4) 법정사 항일운동 주도세력 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․76
3. 제주 법정사 항일운동 참여 주민의 성격 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․82
1) 하원리 항일운동 참여자의 활동 내용 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․83
2) 󰡔하원리 호적중초󰡕를 통해 본 항일운동 참여자 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․92
3) 법정사 항일운동 참여주민의 성격 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․96


V. 1920년대 제주불교와 제주불교협회 활동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104
1. 1920년대 제주불교 동향과 현실인식 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104
1) 일제의 문화정치와 제주불교 통제 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․104
2) 관음사의 새로운 불교활동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․111
2. 제주불교협회 활동과 의미 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․116
1) 제주불교협회 결성 배경 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․116
2) 제주불교협회 활동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․122
3) 제주불교협회 활동의 성과와 한계 129
3. 1920년대 제주불교계 활동 인물 분석 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․138
1) 제주불교협회 주도 인물 분석 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․139
2) 제주불교협회 동참 인물 분석 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․142
4. 1920년대 제주불교의 친일 성격 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․148


VI. 1930년대 제주불교연맹 활동과 제주불교 활동 ․․․․160
1. 1930년대 제주불교 동향과 활동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․10
1) 사찰 창건의 증가 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․161
2) 인적 증가와 신도 조직의 결성 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․170
2. 제주불교임시대회와 내용 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․174
3. 제주불교의 심전개발운동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․178
4. 제주불교연맹 결성과 활동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․183
1) 제주불교연맹 결성 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․183
2) 제주불교연맹 활동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․186


VII. 1940년대 제주불교 혁신 운동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․195
1. 1940년대 제주불교 동향과 강원 운영 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․195
2. 제주도 승려대회와 혁신운동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․198
1) 제주도 승려대회 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․199
2) 제주불교 혁신운동 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․215


VIII. 맺음말 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․225


참고문헌 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․231


부록 1. 근대 제주불교사 연표 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․241
부록 2. 근대 제주불교 사찰 일람표 ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․253


Abstract ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․258
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
제주대학교 일반대학원
Citation
한금순. (2010). 근대 제주불교사 연구
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