제주도 고산지역 대기 총부유분진의 화학 조성에 미치는 영향인자 연구

Abstract

The Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) aerosols have been collected at Gosan site, which is one of the background sites in Korea, from 1992 to 2008, and the aerosol components have been analyzed to understand the variation and characteristics of chemical compositions according to the inflow pathway of air mass. The mean concentrations of water-soluble components of TSP aerosols were in the order of nss-SO42- >> Na+ ＞ Cl- ＞ NH4+ ＞ NO3- ＞ K+ ＞ nss-Ca2+ > Mg2+, and those of elemental components were in the order of S >> Na >> Al ＞ Ca ＞ Fe ＞ K ＞ Mg >> Zn ＞ Pb ＞ Ti ＞ Mn ＞ V > Ba ＞ Cu ＞ Ni ＞ Sr ＞ Cr ＞ Cd ＞ Mo > Co. In the results of yearly comparison of aerosol compositions, the concentrations of NO3- had been increased rather smoothly compared to those of SO42- during the study periods, indicating the change of recent energy consumption patterns in China. Meanwhile the monthly comparison have shown that the concentrations of NO3- and typical soil-originated components, such as nss-Ca2+, Al, Ca, Fe, Ti, Ba, etc., increased remarkably during spring season from March to May, otherwise those of nss-SO42- were highest in June. It was found from the sea-salt and soil enrichment factors that Cl- and Mg2+ were mostly originated from sea salt particles, but Ca and Fe were delivered from soil particles. The factor analysis verifies that the TSP aerosols in Gosan area have been estimated to be influenced largely by soil sources, followed by anthropogenic and marine sources. From the study of the concentration variations by wind direction, the concentrations of Mg2+, nss-Ca2+, K+, NO3- and nss-SO42- were high in westerly wind, and similarly those of Al, Fe, Ca and Ti increased in northwesterly wind. The concentration ratios of soil-originated nss-Ca2+, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti, Mn, Ba and Sr between Asian Dust and Non-Asian Dust storm periods were 5.6, 7.1, 7.0, 6.5, 3.9, 4.2, 5.0, 4.9, respectively. And the ratios of anthropogenic nss-SO42-, NO3-, K+ and S were 1.2, 2.1, 1.4, 1.6, respectively. The concentration ratios of nss-SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ between haze and non-haze days (Haze/Non-haze) were 3.2, 2.5, 4.3, and those of Mist/Non-mist were 1.7, 1.2, 1.7, respectively. Meanwhile, fog and non-fog days (Fog/Non-fog) were 1.2, 0.6, 1.3, respectively. Eventually, this difference has shown that the concentration ratios of those components were noticeable in haze days. Also, the concentration ratios of anthropogenic S, Pb, Zn elements were in similar trends as the case of ionic components with noticeably increasing in haze days. The backward trajectory analysis has shown that the concentrations of the anthropogenic and soil-originated components, such as nss-SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Pb, nss-Ca2+, Al, Zn and Pb, had been increased as the air mass moved from the China Continent (SectorⅠ and SectorⅡ), on the other hand, they had been decreased as the air mass moved from the Northern Pacific (SectorⅤ) into Jeju area.