중도시각장애인이 지각한 사회적지지가 장애수용에 미치는 영향

Abstract

이 연구는 중도시각장애인의 일반적 특성과 장애 특성에 따라 지각한 사회적지와 장애수용에 차이가 있는지를 파악하고, 중도시각장애인의 지각한 사회적지지와 장애수용과에 관계가 있는지, 또 중도시각장애인이 지각한 사회적지지가 장애수용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 밝히는데 그 목적이 있으며, 이를 위하여 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 중도시각장애인의 일반적 특성(성별, 연령, 학력, 월 소득, 거주지)에 따라 사회적지지 간에 어떠한 차이가 있을 것인가? 둘째, 중도시각장애인의 일반적 특성(성별, 연령, 학력, 월 소득, 거주지)에 따라 장애수용 간에 어떠한 차이가 있을 것인가? 셋째, 중도시각장애인의 장애 특성(장애등급, 장애발생시기, 장애기간)에 따라 사회적지지 간에 어떠한 차이가 있을 것인가? 넷째, 중도시각장애인의 장애 특성(장애등급, 장애발생시기, 장애기간에 따라 장애수용 간에 어떠한 차이가 있을 것인가? 다섯째. 중도시각장애인의 사회적지지와 장애수용에 유의미한 상관이 있을 것인가? 여섯째, 중도시각장애인의 사회적지지는 장애수용에 영향을 미칠 것인가? 위의 연구 문제를 해결하기 위하여 15세 이후 시각장애를 입게 된 전국 중도시각장애인 202명을 대상으로 설문지 조사를 실시하였다. 측정 도구로써 사회적지지는 박지원(1995)이 한국 실정에 맞게 개발하여 표준화한 것을 사용하였고, 장애수용은 Linkowski(1971)의 척도를 이종하(2007)가 수정 · 보완한 것을 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, t-test, One-way ANOVA, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이상과 같은 과정을 통하여 얻어진 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째. 중도시각장애인은 월 소득이 높을수록 지각하는 정서적지지가 높았으며, 학력이 높을수록 지각하는 평가적지지가 높았고, 거주지에 따라 지각하는 사회적지지, 정서적지지, 정보적지지, 물질적지지, 평가적지지에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 중도시각장애인은 학력이 높을수록 장애수용, 생활만족, 사회제약에 대한 의연성 정도가 높았고, 거주지에 따라 장애수용, 생활만족, 사회제약에 대한 의연성에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 중도시각장애인의 장애 특성(장애등급, 장애발생시기, 장애기간)에 따라 지각하는 사회적지지 간에 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 중도시각장애인의 장애 특성(장애등급, 장애발생시기, 장애기간)에 따라 중도시각장애인의 장애수용 간에 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 다섯째, 중도시각장애인의 지각한 사회적지지와 장애수용은 정적 상관관계로 지각한 사회적지지지가 높을수록 장애수용 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또 사회적지지의 하위유형과 장애수용 하위요인과의 상관관계에서는 정서적지지, 정보적지지, 물질적지지, 평가적지지가 높을수록 생활만족과 사회제약에 대한 의연성 정도가 높았고, 물질적지지가 높을수록 활동적 삶에 대한 긍정적 태도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 중도시각장애인이 지각한 사회적지지는 장애수용에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또 사회적지지 하위유형이 장애수용 하위요인에 미치는 영향을 분석 한 결과, 평가적지지는 생활만족에 유의미한 영향을 나타냈고, 정서적지지와 평가적지지는 사회제약에 대한 의연성에 유의미한 영향을 나타냈으며, 물질적지지는 활동적 삶에 대한 긍정적 태도에 유의미한 영향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 통한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째. 중도시각장애인의 사회적 지지와 장애수용은 개인적 자원의 수준 및 활용에 의해 직접적인 영향을 받는다. 따라서 중도시각장애인으로 등록된 자에게는 학력이나 월수입, 거주지의 복지수준과 상관없이 원스톱(ONE-STOP) 위기개입서비스센터 중심의 관리를 받아 사회적지지를 활용하고 장애수용이 용이하도록 알맞은 심리치료 및 중도시각장애인의 경험을 나누고 치유할 수 있는 자조모임이 활성화되도록 정부차원의 지원이 요구되어진다. 둘째, 장애특성이나 장애수준은 장애수용에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 이러한 결과는 중도시작장애인의 객관적인 장애수준인 장애등급, 장애발생시기, 장애경과기간에 따라 장애수용의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타난 것이다. 따라서 중도시각장애인과 그의 가족들을 대상으로 장애수용을 보다 적극적으로 할 수 있도록 장애에 대한 인식의 변화를 유도하는 장애인식 전환프로그램 개발이 필요하다. 셋째, 중도시각장애인은 주변인들로부터 받는 사회구성원으로서의 능력이나 존재가치에 대한 인정과 긍정적인 평가적지지가 장애수용하는데 가장 큰 요인으로 작용한다. 따라서 중도시각장애인이 사회구성원으로서의 역할을 다해 나가기 위해서는 장애발생 전 직업적 경험을 토대로 유사한 직종에서 근무할 수 있는 기회를 부여해서 중도시각장애인이 사회구성원으로서의 존재가치를 확인할 필요성을 제시해주고 있다.

The purpose of this study is to identify whether there are difference in the social support and acceptance of disabilities according to general characteristics and disability characteristics of the visually - impaired people halfway as well as clarifying whether there is relationship between social support and acceptance of disabilities perceived by the visually impaired people halfway, and also what effects that the social support perceived by the visually impaired people halfway has on the acceptance of disabilities while the following study questions have been set up to make this possible. First, what differences would there be between social supports according to the general characteristics (gender, age, educational background, monthly income and place of residence) of the visually impaired people halfway? second, what differences would there be between acceptances of disabilities according to the general characteristics (gender, age, educational background, monthly income and place of residence) of the visually impaired people halfway? Third, what differences would there be between acceptances of disabilities according to the disability characteristics (disability class, onset time of disability and disability period) of the visually impaired people halfway? Fourth, what differences would there be between social supports according to the disability characteristics (disability class, onset time of disability and disability period) of the visually impaired people halfway? Fifth, would there be a significant correlation between social support and acceptance of disability by the visually impaired people halfway? Sixth, would the social support of the visually impaired people halfway have effect on the acceptance of disability? In order to solve the study questions above, a questionnaire survey was performed targeting the visually impaired people halfway throughout the country who became visually impaired after the age of 15. As the measuring tools, the one developed and standardized according to the situation of Korea by Park, Ji Won (1995) was used for the social support and the one that has revised and improved the scale of Linkowski(1971) by Lee, Jong Ha (2007) was used for the acceptance of disability. The SPSS 12.0 program was used for the gathered data while the frequency analysis, t-test, One-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and regression analysis have been performed. The study results gained through the processes above are as follows. First, the visually impaired people halfway had a high perceived emotional support as the monthly income gets higher, had a high perceived evaluative support as the educational background gets higher while a significant difference was shown in the perceived social support, emotional support, information support, materialistic support and evaluative support according to the place of residence. Second, the visually impaired people halfway had a high degree of acceptance of disabilities, life satisfaction and dauntless attitude toward social limitation while a significant difference was shown in the acceptance of disabilities, life satisfaction and dauntless attitude toward social limitation according to the place of residence. Third, no significant difference was shown between the perceived social supports according to the disability characteristics (disability class, onset time of disability and disability period) of the visually impaired people halfway. Fifth, no significant difference was shown between the acceptances of disabilities according to the disability characteristics (disability class, onset time of disability and disability period) of the visually impaired people halfway. Fifth, the social support and acceptance of disabilities perceived by the visually impaired people halfway had a positive correlation so that a high degree of acceptance of disabilities was shown as the social support gets higher. Also in correlation between the sub-types of social support and sub-factors of acceptance of disabilities, there was a high degree of life satisfaction and dauntless attitude toward social limitation as the emotional support, information support, materialistic support and evaluative support get higher while it was shown that a positive attitude toward active life is high as the material support gets higher. Sixth, it was shown that the social support perceived by the visually impaired people halfway has a significant effect on the acceptance of disabilities. Also as a result of analyzing the effect of sub-types of social support on the sub-factors of the acceptance of disabilities, the evaluative support has shown a significant effect on life satisfaction, the emotional support and evaluative support has shown a significant effect on the dauntless attitude toward social limitation while the materialistic support has shown a significant effect on the positive attitude toward active life. The conclusions gained through these results are as follows. First, the social support and acceptance of disabilities by the visually impaired people halfway gets directly influenced by the standard and utilization of personal resources. Therefore, the a support on a government level is required for the people registered as visually impaired people halfway to utilize the social support by getting the management based on ONE-STOP crisis intervention service center regardless of the educational background, monthly income or the welfare standard of the place of residence while promoting a self-help gathering for a proper psychological therapy as well as sharing and healing the experiences of the visually impaired people halfway to enable an easy accommodation of disabilities. Second, the disability characteristics or the disability level has no effect on the acceptance of disabilities. This result indicates the fact that there is no difference in the acceptance of disabilities according to the disability class, onset time of disability or elapsed time of disability that are objective disability standards of the visually impaired people halfway. Therefore, a disability awareness change program which leads the change of awareness toward the disability is needed to enable more active disability accommodations targeting the visually impaired people halfway and their family members. Third, the approval toward the ability or value of existence as a social member received by people around the visually impaired people halfway or the positive evaluative support act as the greatest fact in accepting the disabilities. Therefore, the necessity to verify the value of existence of the visually impaired people halfway as a social member by giving them opportunity to work at a similar occupation types based on the occupational experience before the onset of handicap is being presented for the visually impaired people halfway to fulfill their roles as a member of this society.