탐라문화제의 역사 소재 검토

Abstract

Among local festivals, a historical cultural festival which makes use of historical materials transcends being merely a re-production of local historical events or facts as simplified topics. It becomes a festival with a clear purpose, featuring selective employment of historical materials. Therefore a historical cultural festival is the venue in which people express their local identity and historicity based on locally unique historical and cultural grounds. It makes use of the locally characteristic historical and cultural materials shared and acknowledged by the people. In such sense a historical cultural festival can be described as Korean history transformed into local culture. Present thesis has chosen 'Tamna cultural festival' as research topic, in order to analyze the present state of employment of historical and cultural materials in the Jeju area. Tamna cultural festival, the topic for present analysis, first began as 'the Jeju arts festival' in 1962, which changed its name to 'the Halla cultural festival' in 1965 and to 'the Tamna cultural festival' in 2002. Present research examines the characteristics of the festival in terms of its historical materials, by largely dividing its history into three periods. The first, which is the Jeju arts festival period (1962～1964), began in commemoration of the 5.16 military coupe. In other words its initiation was limited, since it was tarnished by a political purpose from the beginning. This was followed by the Halla cultural festival period (1965～2001). During the early years of the second period in the 1960s, some traditional materials, including folk performances, were added to the fundamental stance of the Jeju cultural festival as a purely artistic event. In the 1970s, in accordance with the social tendency to reconstruct national heritage and ethnic cultural assets, the festival makes an active use of traditional performance arts such as folk religion in order to establish its identity as a cultural festival. In the 1980s, most of the events become fixed. In other words, whenever a national event took place in the Jeju Island, Halla cultural festival would participate as a side-show, resulting in the weakening of its self leadership. The 1990s is the period in which the festival becomes transformed into a locally led festival, influenced by the government's proclamation of 'local self-government system'.In this third period, which is also the Tamna cultural period (2002-2006), the abstract concept 'Halla' is replaced by a historical concept 'Tamna', characterized by the strengthening of the festival's historicity. In chapter 3 of present thesis, by analyzing case examples for historical materials used in the Tamna cultural festival, investigation is made in terms of its limitations and achievements. As a result of analysis of such case examples, the study reveals a lack of historical evidences. This often results in the subjective and arbitrary judgment of historical facts in the process of re-interpretation of historical materials. On the basis of such research results, apparent limitation of historical materials for Tamna cultural festival is examined, followed by suggesting of three future directions. First, there is a need for employment of a system which can ascertain historical evidences. In other words, instead of a temporary background check, a research system which includes installation of an evidence researching department under the auspices of festival staff or consultation with professional organizations should be secured. Second, one must aim for educational effect of the historical materials. In order to transmit and develop local history, it is fundamental to understand local tradition and historical and cultural assets. Third, the need for a new development and employment of historical materials is also suggested. For its efficacy, items that are independent in nature, such as 'Worship Ceremony for Kim Man-deok and Man-deok Service Award', in fact need to be complemented in their contents. They also need to be fragmented in order to strengthen their relations with the Tamna cultural festival in general.