하이데거의 진리와 언어에 대한 고찰

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand Truth and Language through the analysis of Heidegger's Being-in-the-world(In-der-Welt-sein). The basis of the speculation of Heidegger was the destruction of history of western philosophy for dismissing the question of the meaning of Being until now. The task of Heidegger is started from the analysis of Dasein. It means simply 'there-being'. Heidegger analyze the existential structure of human beings who comprehend essentially the meaning of Being, and try to explain the meaning of own Being based on general beings. Therefor the analysis on Dasein is to disclose the meaning of Being. Dasein is to figure out the meaning of existence through each human being, and is able to comprehend its own Being by its own structure. The existential structure of Dasein is 'Being-in-the-world'. The analysis on Dasein consequently is connected to the analysis of 'Being-in-the-world'. This study explains the analysis of 'Being-in-the-world' in two aspect. One is to analyze for the World belonging to Dasein, and another is to analyze for 'Being-in'. The concept of world that explained by the traditional metaphysics means the whole of things, and has existed as an object for the subject. But the world is not made up of the subject to Heidegger's point of view, and it does not exist as the object of knowledge. The world is not an object at all, not an entity or a set of entities. On Heidegger's account, the world means that Being of beings disclosed and human beings who are always already understood the meaning of Being discover for own existence. The things Dasein encounters are usable, employable in the pursuit of its purpose. Namely, Heidegger explains the concept of the world from the analysis on 'Equipment'(Zeug). In this structure, Dasein is encountered with beings as 'ready-to-hand'(Zuhandenes). Heidegger thinks that philosophers tend to pass over this phenomenon, since they have explained only in the view of the theory of knowledge. On the analysis of 'Being-in', the 'Disclosedness'(Ershlossenheit) is composed of three momenta. First, it is 'state of mind'(Befindlichkeit). Dasein confirms that have to exist as thrown being through 'state of mind', whether he wants or not. Secondly, it is an 'understanding'(Verstehen). The understanding corresponds to the active side of Dasein's confrontation with its own existential possibilities. And the interpretation is caused by the understanding, and the understanding is concreted by the interpretation. The world is understood as the structure of 'as'(Als-Struktur) through this circulation. The understanding belongs to Dasein itself and Dasein exists while being understood. The understanding is not the way of knowledge, but the way of existence. Thirdly, it is a 'Discourse'(Rede). Heidegger provides that the language is based on the discourse. Therefor the discourse is more fundamental than the language, and it divides the significance of the world and the meaning-relation into pieces. What the discourse is spoken is a language. I unfolded the discussion especially laying stress on the understanding and the discourse of the momentum of the 'Disclosedness'. In the problem of the Truth, I will explain the structure of 'as' which make 'assertion' possible, to connect with the 'Disclosedness' of Dasein. And in the problem of the language. I will deal with 'the essence of the language' through the critique as to the language that the logic has put a limit to signification.