海上交通 安全管理 確保方案에 관한 硏究

Abstract

Back in the history, the Koreans were in full flourish when they were close to the sea, and went downhill when they kept away from it. Koreans have shunned themselves from the sea, and lived inland for one thousand years. For the last one hundred years, resultantly, the nation had to suffer an ordeal, falling behind from modernization. A traditional idea about the ocean was that all the countries were able to use the unlimited space freely. And the ocean had its meaning as an effective transportation route; today, it is more than a vehicle connecting countries, and it has become a point of dispute as an individual property. A new marine order is differentiated from the one of the past, because the scope has expanded to include the ocean bed and maritime zones. UNCLOS(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea), so called a marine constitution, has come into effect in November, Year 1994, 12 years after its adoption, and UNCED(United Nations Conference of Environment and Development) adopted Agenda 21 in June, Year 1992, forming a new maritime order. Consecutively, countries neighbouring the waters are strengthening their corresponding measures. 110 countries out of 149 countries whose soil is bounded by the sea have declaimed EEZ, 36% of the world ocean, 90% of profitable fisheries and natural oil reserves are now possessed by the neighbouring countries. The era of free ocean exploitation has now converted to the era of separate ocean control. Sea traffic environment of our neighbouring countries is also changing with countries making fisheries agreements to secure fishery resources, redrawing marine borders, strengthening a local network of cooperation. As a secondary soil containing natural resources such as fisheries, minerals, energies, and space, therefore, the ocean is an important area that we should essentially exploit in the 21st century. To overcome the shortcomings of limited land resources, and to rise and stand in the center of economic activities, it is the right time to convert inland development strategies to marine-oriented ones. With this, sea traffic is also expected to be active. To perform its role as a major economic country, future-oriented national marine policies that keep up with the high volume of marine traffic order are required. Constructing marine highway, or joining in a new marine order can't be completed without marine traffic safety, and manifestation of a clean ocean. This paper suggests four agenda such as a road map of laws and institutions for safe sea traffic, which are required to secure sea traffic under the new marine order. First, in order to strengthen the safety control of regional sea traffic which is expanded with the adoption of UNCLOS, VTS(Vessel Traffic System) is to be more broadly carried out, navigational aids should be expanded and navigational information is to be timely provided. Second, for the establishment of institutional marine traffic safety control, an exemption law on marine traffic accidents, a fundamental law on marine development should be made up. Third, for safe and effective harbor operation, a comprehensive controling system which takes full charge of harbor safety is necessary. Fourth, the investigation and execution body of marine traffic accidents is to be unified for a better service, and this is also related to improving roles of Korea Coast Guard in marine traffic safety. I hope that the above mentioned four agenda which are necessary to keep up with a drastically changing marine environment can contribute to our future policy project, securing the high volume of marine traffic.