관광중소기업 소유경영자의 기업가정신과 성과의 관계에 관한 연구

Abstract

Entrepreneurship has long been viewed as an engine that drives innovation and promotes economic development. Existing researches on entrepreneurship have focused on the development of smaller firms broadly and on the foundation and success of firms that are introducing new products into the marketplace in more detail. In most cases, it is argued that these firms play an important role in stimulating economic growth. However, Researches related to entrepreneurship in tourism area is still in their early stages. Also, so far, very little researches have been done in tourism area about entrepreneurship. With taking the circumstances into consideration, in this study, research on entrepreneurship in the tourism area in Jeju, Korea was performed. The purpose of this study is to examine factors having influences on the entrepreneurship of the small and medium tourism enterprises and to understand relations these factors with entrepreneurship and enterprises performance through empirical analysis. On the basis of the theoretical reviews, prediction factors of entrepreneurship prediction were composed of personal characteristics of ower, business circumstances and institutional environment elements. Also, entrepreneurship was consist of innovativeness and risk-taking and enterprises performance was set up non-financial performance. Measurement factors of entrepreneur's individual characteristics are as follows: gender, age, education background, job experiences, personal network, parent's role model, prior job position, hometown, previous entrepreneurial experience. As business environmental factors, competition degrees, barriers to entry, business risk and business opportunities were measured. Also, normative factors, cognitive factors and regulatory support factors were measured as institutional environment factors. To accomplish the objectives of this study, the theoretical reviews and empirical analysis were carried out together. The data collection of this study was performed as the subject of small and medium-sized tourism firms in Jeju areas from April to September, 2006. Total 274 questionnaires were finally used for empirical analysis. In the analysis methods, frequency analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA analysis, regression analysis and simple correlation analysis were used for the statistical analysis. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: First, it is showed that entrepreneurship has positive relationship with corporate performance. In other words, both innovativeness and risk-taking appeared to improve non-financial performance. Second, among individual characteristics of tourism entrepreneurs, gender, prior job position and personal network have significant relation with entrepreneurship. In addition, variables of parent's role model and hometown have partially connection with entrepreneurship. Third, out of business environmental factors, business opportunity variables were only appeared to significantly related to the entrepreneurship. But competition degrees and barrier to entry variables had a significant connection with entrepreneurship in part. Forth, among institutional environment factors, normative factors and cognitive support institutional factors had positive influences on the entrepreneurship. Regulatory factors had negative impact on the innovativeness performance of the entrepreneurship. The results of this study can contribute to understand tourism entrepreneurship, particularly on small and medium tourism entrepreneurs and extend the general knowledge about entrepreneurial activity. Also, the study will encouraged residents to understand importances of entrepreneurial involvements in tourism destination development by increasing tourism policymakers' understanding of environment establishment that would facilitate local people's entrepreneurial activity.