濟州 安全都市 造成을 위한 거버넌스 構築 戰略

Abstract

본 연구는 WHO 제주 안전도시 만들기 사업 추진과정에서 나타나는 미비점을 도출하고, 안전도시 만들기 네트워크에 거버넌스 이론을 도입하여 제주 안전도시가 공인 단계를 넘어 공인 이후 안전도시의 위상을 확립하고 전 도민이 제주 안전도시 만들기 네트워크에 자발적으로 참여할 수 있는 프로그램을 중심으로 기존의 설문조사와 사례분석의 재활용 등을 통하여 연구를 실시하였다. 연구결과 제주도는 지난 2007년 안전도시 공인획득을 시작으로 안전도시 사업의 내실 있는 추진을 통하여 다음과 같은 성과를 거두고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 첫째, 교통안전프로그램의 경우 체험교육 실시 등에 중점을 둔 교통사고 예방 프로그램의 추진은 전년도 대비 2003년도 어린이 교통사고 원인 부상자 수가 8.5% 감소, 사망자 44.4% 감소 및 어린이 교통사고 발생율 1.5% 감소의 성과를 나타내었다. 둘째, 심폐소생술 프로그램의 경우, 2004년 12월 현재 제주도민의 22.5%가 심폐소생술 등 안전체험 교육을 이수하였고, 기존의 도민 설문조사 결과 제주도민 중 57.1%가 안전관련 행사 및 교육에 참여를 원하는 수준에까지 이르게 되었다. 셋째, 노인안전 프로그램의 경우, 최근 3년간 12,105명(연 평균 4,035명)의 노인, 장애인 신고접수 및 신속 출동을 지원하였다. 또한 직원 개인별 담당자를 지정하여 질병 관리카드 작성을 통한 체계적 관리가 가능하게 되었다. 넷째, 학교안전(어린이 안전)프로그램의 경우, 학교안전 수호천사 실무추진 협의회를 2006년 5월 구성하고, 학교안전 수호천사 시범학교를 선정하여 선정 학교를 대상으로 손상실태 분석 및 우수학교를 지정하여 목표 달성도를 높이는 전략을 수립 역동적으로 추진하고 있다. 그러나 제주 안전도시 만들기 사업은 이제 공인단계를 지나 실질적으로 안전도시의 성공적 정착과 도내 사고 손상율의 획기적 저감을 통하여 2012년 WHO로부터 '재공인 획득'과 안전도시의 궁극적인 목표인 '사고손상으로부터 안전한 제주 만들기'를 위한 초석이 될 수 있는 다양한 프로그램 개발과 실질적인 안전도시 추진의 성과를 달성할 수 있는 고도의 추진전략 및 실행방안 마련이 시급한 과제로 떠오르고 있다.

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially adopted Jeju Special Self-governing Province (JSSP) as a Safe Community in July, 2007. This means the WHO recognized that JSSP had improved the quality of residents' life by reducing the injury rate through an injury prevention program. With the approval JSSP has become one of the world's safest cities along with Rotterdam in the Netherlands, and has greatly increased the value of its branding as the Island of Peace and the Community of Safety. Nevertheless, it is questionable that WHO's approval of the Safe Community designation of JSSP really means that there will be a continued improvement in the life safety of the residents. This means that JSSP should establish fundamental and lasting countermeasures by responding to variable safety demands in respect to all kinds of disasters within the community. That is, JSSP should bring about a fundamental paradigm shift, and this is the real reason why JSSP has been approved as a Safe Community by WHO. Since the late 1970s, developed countries have been conducting studies in order to reduce the huge socio-economic cost of injuries, and have shown success in injury prevention. On the contrary, JSSP has still conducted very little research into injury prevention and safety, and hasn't done any systematic analysis of the current situation relating to residents' injuries. Recent statistics show that the proportion of accidental deaths by car, fire and drowning is very high compared to the total death rate. As a result, a great emphasis is given to the importance of protecting residents' lives and property and improving the quality of residents' life via a systematic injury prevention program. JSSP is now facing several safety related questions. Does JSSP have the response capability for all kinds of risks threatening residents' safety? Can the Jeju Safe Community guarantee the right of safety for residents based on governance? Is JSSP keeping a balance between demand and supply for safety in order to answer the former two questions? The concept of a Safe Community was introduced in Stockholm, Sweden in 1989 when the first incident and injury prevention workshop was held, but the concept is not fully defined yet. We cannot define the concept as "a community striving unceasingly and voluntarily to improve residents' safety mentality" because it is too dynamic of a concept. Unsuitable for the name of "Safe Community", the number of car accidents per 10,000 cars was 137.4 and the number of deaths by car accidents per 10,000 cars was 4.7 in JSSP in 2006. Furthermore the number of deaths per 100,000 people was 20.0, which still remains high compared to the national level of 13.2. This results in not only socio-economic losses but also damages the image of Jeju Island as an international resort, island of peace, and island of longevity. Therefore, JSSP needs a program for governance, or private-public governing, in order to improve the quality of life and materialize a real safety community. For this, we need a rational organizational redesign of risk-related networks which play a key role in the safety of a society. This is the crucial policy issue being faced since the designation as a Safe Community by the WHO. Therefore, this study introduces an outline of the Safe Community by inquiring into the concept of the safety community, the safe community model approved by the WHO, and the present situation and business performance evaluation of major safety communities. Then, based on governance theory this study looks into the environment and residents' injury-related problems from the viewpoint of resource achievement and resident participation in JSSP. This study investigates the approval process of the Jeju Safe Community through existing literature and a survey done for this study, and discovers their availability and implications for JSSP by analyzing cases of Safe Communities in developed countries. In addition, this study defines the relation between Jeju Safe Community and governance, and provides strategies for safe community governance as a countermeasure for a real safe community in JSSP after its approval from the WHO.