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폐감귤박으로부터 제조한 활성탄의 특성 및 VOCs와 황화합물의 흡착에 관한 연구

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Abstract
As the method to re-utilize the waste citrus peel (WCP) efficiently which is abandoned in large quantities in Jeju Island, the high valued activated carbon was prepared by chemical activation method from it. Moreover, the adsorption characteristics of VOCs (acetone and benzene) and sulfur-compound (methyl mercaptan) which are harmful to clean image of Jeju Island and become to a target of public grievance, were carried out using the activated carbon prepared from it. The following results were obtained.

1. The raw material of WCP, which is a biomass resource, has the advantages that it is economic and it can be supplied smoothly and sufficiently. Its principal carbon and ash content were 48.3% and 4.9%, respectively, which were similar to those of raw material used for the preparation of commercial activated carbon, and were higher in carbon content and lower in ash content, compared with another biomass resources, indicating that the waste citrus peel is suitable for the raw material of activated carbon.

2. With the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of waste citrus peel in order to examine its thermal characteristics, the following results were obtained: to about 200℃, moisture, volatile materials and etc. in it were evaporated; in the range of 200℃ to 350℃, about 60% of its weight were reduced with the steep weight loss; above 350℃, its thermal degradation reaction came to an end gradually with smaller weight loss ratio. These results indicated that it had the thermal degradation characteristics that steep weight loss occurred in the narrow temperature range and thermal stabilization occurred at relatively low temperature.

3. The optimal carbonized sample in carbonization process was obtained at the conditions of 350℃ for 1.5 hr, with the measurements of carbon content and leachate color, and surface analysis by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

4. With the results of evaluating for the activated carbon prepared with chemical activation process impregnating activating agents (KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2) to an optimal carbonized sample, the optimal activated carbon was obtained at the conditions of 300% impregnation ratio of KOH to carbonized sample and of 900℃ for 1.5 hr, and got the specific surface area of 1,527 m2/g and the iodine adsorptivity of 1,246 mg/g.

5. Examining the pore size distribution of activated carbon prepared at the optimal condition of activation, the activated carbon by KOH had the relatively high micropore volume in the range of 3 ~5 Å and 8 ~ 20 Å and the activated carbon by ZnCl2 had the relatively high mesopore volume, compared with those prepared by the other activating agents.

6. By batch experiments, the adsorption of acetone, benzene and methyl mercaptan on the optimal activated carbon(WCP-K300-AC) prepared with KOH of 300% impregnation ratio from waste citrus peel, followed the Freundlich model better than the Langmuir model, the adsorption capacity was the sequence of benzene > acetone > methyl mercaptan, and their adsorption kinetics fitted the pseudo 2nd order kinetics better than pseudo 1st order kinetics.

7. By continuous experiments, the breakthrough time obtained from the breakthrough curves of acetone, benzene and methyl mercaptan on WCP-K300-AC decreased with increasing their inlet concentration and flow rate and increased with increasing their aspect ratio, and the adsorbed amounts obtained from their breakthrough time increased with increasing their inlet concentration and aspect ratio, but were different according to the gases used with increasing their flow rate.

8. The WCP-K300-AC prepared in this study showed the higher adsorptivity for acetone, benzene and methyl mercaptan than the activated carbons (CG-AC and WV-AC) on the market which were prepared from the coconut shell and were found to be excellent for the removal of gaseous pollutants.

9. In binary (acetone and benzene, acetone and methyl mercaptan, benzene and methyl mercaptan) or ternary gas systems composed of acetone, benzene and methyl mercaptan, the adsorption of acetone by WCP-K300-AC in binary gas system composed of acetone and benzene, and ternary gas system, showed the breakthrough curve of overshoot phenomenon that its outlet concentration was higher than its inlet concentration, differently in single gas system, due to the mutual interaction among the gases within it and the affinity of object gas to it. However, in another binary gas systems (acetone and methyl mercaptan, benzene and methyl mercaptan) and ternary gas system, the overshoot phenomenon did not occur except for acetone in ternary system.
Author(s)
강경호
Issued Date
2011
Type
Dissertation
URI
http://dcoll.jejunu.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000005360
Alternative Author(s)
Kang, Kyung Ho
Affiliation
제주대학교
Department
대학원 환경공학과
Advisor
감상규
Table Of Contents
Summary x

Ⅰ. 서론 1

Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 4
1. 폐감귤박 처리 실태 4
1) Biomass의 유용성 4
2) Biomass 자원인 폐감귤박의 발생량 5
2. 활성탄 제조 9
1) 활성탄 원료 9
2) 활성탄 제조공정 11
3. 활성탄의 특성 15
1) 세공구조 특성 15
2) 표면화학 특성 17
4. 흡착이론 19
1) 물리흡착과 화학흡착 19
2) 흡착 메카니즘 21
3) 연속흡착 공정 23
5. VOCs 및 황화합물 제거방법 25
1) VOCs 및 황화합물의 특성 25
2) VOCs 및 황화합물의 제거방법 28

Ⅲ. 실험장치 및 방법 30
1. 실험재료 30
2. 활성탄 제조 31
1) 실험장치 31
2) 탄화공정 31
3) 화학적 활성화공정 32
3. 물성분석 35
1) 열적특성 분석 35
2) 성분 분석 35
3) 요오드 흡착능 35
4) 비표면적, 세공부피 및 세공분포 36
5) 주사전자현미경 분석 37
6) 표면화학 분석 37
4. 제조한 폐감귤박 활성탄의 VOCs 및 황화합물 흡착실험 38
1) 회분흡착실험 40
2) 연속흡착실험 42
3) 분석방법 44

Ⅳ. 결과 및 고찰 46
1. 폐감귤박 원료 특성 46
1) 폐감귤박 원료의 특성 46
2. 활성탄 제조 53
1) 탄화공정 53
(1) 수율 53
(2) 탄화물의 SEM 분석에 의한 표면특성 58
2) 활성화공정 60
(1) 수율 60
(2) SEM 분석에 의한 표면특성 65
(3) 세공특성 69
(4) 요오드 흡착능 76
(5) XPS 분석에 의한 표면화학특성 82
3. VOCs 및 황화합물 흡착특성 91
1) 회분실험 91
(1) 흡착등온식 94
(2) 흡착등온식 적용 95
(3) 흡착속도식 100
(4) 흡착속도식 적용 101
2) 연속실험 105
(1) 단일성분 파과특성 105
(2) 혼합가스의 파과특성 123

Ⅳ. 결론 128

참고문헌 131
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
제주대학교 대학원
Citation
강경호. (2011). 폐감귤박으로부터 제조한 활성탄의 특성 및 VOCs와 황화합물의 흡착에 관한 연구
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