조선시대 제주지역 문과운영과 급제자 실태 분석

Abstract

As a system for understanding the yangban (aristocrats) bureaucracy, the ruling class of the Joseon society, which was a feudal society, research on mungwa have most commonly been conducted on specific time periods and from a central perspective, and there are few mungwa studies from a provincial aspect. The purpose of this study is in providing a lead for identifying the actual conditions of the Jeju society during the Joseon Dynasty by finding local characteristics by analyzing the mungwa operation mode of the Jeju area during the Joseon Dynasty and the time and region of those from Jeju who passed the mungwa via review of case-studies while taking into consideration preceding studies. First, the focus of this study was to examine the changes of the mungwa operation mode of the Jeju region and then to identify the trends of passing the examination per period and the places of residence of those who passed the examination per region in the Jeju region in order to analyze the stats of those who passed the mungwa in the Jeju region. The decisive mungwa program that allowed test-takers from the Jeju region to pass the mungwa was the sijae (test for talents) and jikbujeonsi (right to apply directly to the final test for ranking). Like other provinces, mungwahyangsi (local mungwa examinations) also existed in the Jeju region, but due to geographical problems, it was not utilized as a practical system. Ultimately, the woebangbyeolgwa (mungwa in provinicial areas) starting with the grace of the sijae since the reign of Injo in the 17th century to the reign of Cheoljong played a big influence on the passing rate of the examinations in the Jeju region. This is backed up by the start of the increase of test passers of the sogwa (another type of examination for state official) that was lacking prior to the reign of Gojong. However, it is difficult to explain the number of those passing the mungwa in the Jeju district with only the mungwa operation mode. In order to explain this, it is necessary to identify the social and policy trends of each era and make analysis through the formation of relationships of those who passed the mungwa examination. In particular, by examining the formation of relationships of each person who passed the examination, it was possible for the powerful groups of the Jeju region to identify the formation of relationships such as academic relations, weddings, and blood relations. In addition, it was possible to identify the effects of the local administration and the places of residence of test-passers on the trends of passing the examinations through the residential areas of test-passers at the time of applying for the test. Through this, the changes of the ruling forces in the Jeju society and why test-passers were fostered could be confirmed. In conclusion, it is difficult to explain the mungwa operation and research on test-passers in the Jeju region with just one reason. The characteristics of the Jeju area can be identified only after sufficient analysis of the change of the policy forms in accordance with the changes per period for the social, economical and political conditions, and the ensuing changes of the powerful forces of the Jeju region.