한라산에서 딱정벌레목 곤충의 시공간적 분포특성

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of ground beetles(Coleoptera) in relation to altitudes and forest types in Halla mountain, Jeju. Coleopteran insects were surveyed using a pitfall trap four times per month from May to October, 2010 at different altitudes with 100m vertical intervals in each slope of Eastern(Seongpanak route, 800 - 1,950m) and Western(Eorimok route, 1,000 - 1,900m) in Halla mountain. Total 14,405 beetles of 72 species belong to 17 families were collected, and the results were as followings. The numbers of species collected were 14 species(19.4%) in Harpalidae, and Carabidae was second at 8 species(11.1%), followed by Silphidae with 9 species(12.5%) and other families were 41 species(56.9%). The most frequent species was Synuchus nitidus(62.04%), the next species was Pterostichus raptor(6.38%), and the third species was Carabus sternbergi sternbergi (5.34%), showing these 3 species account for 73.76% of total beetles collected. According to the slopes of Halla mountain, the dominant ranks in families were as Harpalidae > Silphidae > Carabida in eastern slope and Harpalidae > Carabidae > Silphidae in western slope. In forest types, the largest number of beetles were collected in deciduous forest, and the smallest number of beetles were found in abies koreana forest. Beetle abundances by altitudes were highest at 1,000m and lowest at 1,950m. In temporal distribution of Coleoptera collected, 4,575, 4,065 and 3,076 beetles were found in order of abundance in October, September, and June, respectively; with lowest numbers in May. Also, the number of beetles decreased during rainy season of July and August, while Damaster jankowskii jankowskii increased during the same period. The frequency of appearance of Coleopteran species was highly variable: Scambocarabus kruberi hallasanensis was appeared on the top area, and Hemicarabus tuberculosus was frequently found appeared in deciduous forest in august and september. Nicrophorus quadripunctatus was collected in humid deciduous forest, while Silpha perforata perforata was in sunny alpine area. Synuchus nitidus showed a increasing trend in deciduous forest in september and October. Species diversity index(H': Shannon-Wiener function) showed variable change according to environmental conditions. In different altitudes, the highest H' of 2.46 was occurred at 1,800m, while the lowest H´ of 0.56 at 800m. According to forest types, alpine pastures area showed the highest H´ of 2.35, but H' was lowest in deciduous forest areas as 1.41. The species diversity indies in Eorimok and Seongpanak slope were 1.75 and 1.57, respectively. The monthly variation of species diversity indies showed the highest value(2.44) in July, and the lowest value(0.68) in October. Consequently, the species composition and abundance of Coleopteran insects were largely influenced by environmental factors such as habitat variation of slope, altitude, forest types and seasons, and these factors affected the distribution patterns of Coleopteran insects in Halla mountain. The results of present studies with emphasis on the spatial and temporal distribution of Coleopteran insects in Halla mountain should provide an useful direction in the future to establish the strategies of mountain conservation and long-term researches under changing environment with climatic changing.