심뇌혈관질환 위험요인을 가진 중년 여성에 대한 포괄적 생활습관개선프로그램의 효과

Abstract

Recently, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases have become one of major causes of death, and approximately 63 % of all deaths worldwide were due to chronic diseases caused by inappropriate lifestyle (WHO, 2011). Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases increase rapidly with aging, and it is largely attributable to an inappropriate lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of comprehensive lifestyle improvement program on knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and health behaviors to prevent cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among the middle-aged women who have the risk factors of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Thirty four women who registered in two community cultural centers were assigned to experimental (n=18) and control (n=16) groups respectively. The data were collected from October to November, 2011. The experimental group received comprehensive lifestyle improvement program consisting of 4 sessions of education including lectures, practice, and small group meeting and 3 times of telephone counseling, while the control group received no treatment. Knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and health behaviors which was related to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases prevention were measured using a self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, X2-test, Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, Kuder-Richardson (KR)-20 coefficient, and Cronbach's α using SPSS 18.0. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There were significant differences in education level (F=9.72, p=.002), whether spouse is or not (F=6.35, p=.019), monthly house income (F=11.81, p=.001) between groups, while there were no differences in knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and health behaviors between groups before the experiment. 2. The mean knowledge score in the experimental group measured after the experiment was 21.61 (±2.03), higher than 20.50 (±2.22) in the control group, but there was no significant difference between groups (F=1.91, p=.177). 3. The mean attitude score in the experimental group measured after the experiment was 3.55 (±0.33), higher than 3.26 (±0.37) in the control group, but there was no significant difference between groups (F=0.17, p=.682). 4. The mean self-efficacy score in the experimental group measured after the experiment was 4.37 (±3.89), higher than 3.73 (±0.55) in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (F=5.76, p=.023). 5. The mean health behaviors score in the experimental group measured after the experiment was 3.40 (±0.42), higher than 3.24 (±0.45) in the control group, but there was no significant difference between groups (F=0.27, p=.606).

In conclusion, this comprehensive lifestyle improvement program was partially effective at improving lifestyle-related factors among the middle-aged women residing in a community: the program improved the self-efficacy in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases prevention. Therefore, in planning a lifestyle improvement program for the middle-aged women residing in a community, it will need to consider program duration, sessions of education, sample size, and educational methods as well as self-efficacy.