제주지역 농작물의 재배 변천과 농정발전 방향에 관한 연구

Abstract

This thesis researched and analyzed the changes in arable land and farming output annual progress to forecast future main crop cultivation. This paper also includes the data from a survey conducted among the 130 farmers and 50 agriculturalists about the sustainable agricultural development of Jeju Special Self-governing Province in the future. In addition, it considered future agricultural policy direction for Jeju Special Self-governing Province owing to an expansion.

While the cultivation area for paddy rice has decreased, the cultivation area for upland rice has increased due to the rice crop rotation system and self-sufficiency. Due to the rise in importing of barley and various grains, it is expected that cultivation areas for millet, sorghum, sweet potato and oil crops like sesame and rapeseed will gradually decrease.

On the other hand, crops such as buckwheat, corn, soybeans, red beans and mung beans are gaining in popularity as demand healthier food for their dietary life. As a result, the cultivation land for these crops will be maintained or increased. Jeju Special Self-governing Province's second major economic crop is the potato and as it can overwinter in the outdoor farm, it is reasonable to assume that its cultivation area will be stable and maintained safely. In the case of vegetable cultivation, Jeju has an relatively warmer climate than other regions of Korea and hence Jeju has a good environment for vegetable farming. Therefore it is highly likely that vegetable farming will become the main income source for farming households. The cultivation area for Jeju mandarin will be extended due to the demand for high-quality mandarins from its customers and it is anticipated that the cultivation for new tropical fruit crops such as dragon fruit, atemoya and mango will be accelerated to improve the mandarin-oriented income system.

The development directions to cope with an expansion of the market will be discussed in this paper.

First, it will be desirable to promote and respect the independent opinion and creativity of the farmers' and growers' associations.

Second, the administration must opt out of those areas which the farmers and their own union or association can handle. Preferential intervention is only necessary when the market needs financial support to vitalize its function.

Third, the differential support for farmers on the basis of their own forms of farming, scale of business and age is important to customize the support to meet the different demands from individual farmers.

Fourth, the decision-making process for agricultural policy must not be agreed upon only by the administration itself but through the parallel work distribution between the farmers and their associations

Finally, it is essential to avoid any isolation of individual farmers from gaining practical benefits by granting more importance for the promotion of intangible factors such as policy reform and improvement for the supporting system.

The overall understanding of agricultural specialists are as follows : ① A Jeju agriculture has potential for further development in the future. ② Positive outlook was given by experts that Jeju agriculture has a prospective for advancement like Holland. ③ The most systematic and effectively managed agricultural field in Jeju is the mandarin industry. ④ The most effective and prosperous policy in recent years was the citrus orchard spacing and cutting, and high-quality mandarin optimal production.

The measurement of the current agricultural problems confronted by Jeju can be summarized as follows: ① Extensive transition of paradigm for the revolution of Jeju agriculture. ② Agricultural promotion to prepare for the South-North Reunification as North Korea can become a new market for agricultural products of Jeju. ③ Introduction of a observation system to adjust the demand for winter seasonal vegetables. ④ Introduction of community business to agriculture and promotion of local farming. ⑤ Creation of jobs through agriculture and development of local culture, health tourism and stabilization of income for farming households. ⑥ Institutional improvement measures for the Jeju mandarin industry are: - Need for structural improvement to deal with an expansion of market and to pursue the Jeju mandarin industry's development. - Need for introduction of new systems to strive for the stabilization of income for rural low-income households - Need for the breeding of new cultivars and establishment of a system for the Jeju mandarin production management. - Need for innovation and expansion of the Jeju mandarin distribution organization and exportation.