쇼펜하우어의 의지의 형이상학 연구

Abstract

This thesis studies on Schopenhauer's metaphysics of will. Schopenhauer divides the world into 'will' and 'representation'. According to Schopenhauer, will is the essence of the world. But the world as representation can not reveal the essence of the world, because the representation is secondary and relative. This representation is consisted of a form of subject-object and is related by principle of sufficient ground. Although the representation is a object of experience and science, but the representation can not speak the essence of the world. However, Schopenhauer argues that we can access into the essence of the world through the body instead of the representation. According to Schopenhauer, the body's movements and the will are the same. This is the philosophical truth. He identifies the will with thing-in-itself that Kant explains we are not able to cognize. Schopenhauer claims that all life is suffering. Because our life is dominated by the blind will to life. If we accomplish one desire, another desire arises. Therefore desires never accomplish their ultimate end, so our life is suffering. In order to overcome this suffering of life, Schopenhauer suggests the ethics of compassion. According to Schopenhauer, we always struggle with each other, because we are egoistic. To solve this problems of egoism, we must abolish difference between I and non-I. He explains this ethical phenomenon metaphysically. Schopenhauer regards time and space, namely 'principium individuationis' or conditions for the possibility of plurality as forms of subjective cognitions. Therefore time and space are valid in only appearance and the principium individuationis is the veil of maya. Thus we can be 'one' in thing-in-itself. By this seeing through the principium individuationis, moral action or compassion can appear. Schopenhauer's ethics is aimed at the denial of the will. Schopenhauer argues, if there can be the denial of the will, the distinction between subject and object will disappear. In this view, we can know that the purpose of Schopenhauer's metaphysics of will is to deny the subject-object distinction or representation-cognition.