제주대학교 Repository

체조선수들의 종목별 운동 상해에 관한 연구

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Alternative Title
Research in Gymnasts' Sports Injury by Gymnastics Events
Abstract
본 연구의 목적은 초․중․고등학교 체조선수의 종목별 상해부위, 종류, 계절별 상해, 운동 시기별 상해, 원인 등을 알아보는데 있다.
본 연구의 대상으로는 대한체조협회에 등록된 선수로 전국12개시도(서울, 경기, 인천, 대구, 대전, 울산, 강원, 경북, 경남, 전남, 전북, 제주)를 중심으로 남자선수 161명, 여자선수 179명을 대상으로 총 340명을 선정하였다.
연구방법은 설문지로 하였으며, 설문지는 상해부위, 종류, 계절별, 시기, 원인 등 총20개의 문항으로 구성하였다. 수집된 자료 중 설문지법에 위배되거나 처리가 불가능한 설문지를 제외시키고 최종 340부만을 대상으로 하여 SPSS Windows 12.0으로 처리하였고, 질문 문항별 빈도분석은 백분율(%)로 산출하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.

1. 초․중․고등학교 체조선수 종목별 신체부위 상해

1) 남자 체조선수 마루운동의 신체부위 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수는 발목(46.9%의), 손목(10.7%), 무릎(8.5%)순으로 나타났으며, 남중부 선수는 발목(54.9%), 무릎(14,5%), 손목(12.9%)순으로, 남고부 선수는 발목(61.5%), 허리(15.4%), 무릎(9.6%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 마루운동의 신체부위 상해는 발목(54.7%)이 가장 많은 상해를 입었으며, 다음으로 무릎(11.2%), 손목(10.6%)순으로 나타났다.

2) 안마 신체부위의 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수들은 손목(61.7%), 어깨(4.3%), 가슴(2.1%)순이며, 남중부 선수는 손목(72.6%), 팔꿈치(4.8%), 어깨(3.2%)순으로 상해를 나타내며, 남고부 선수는 손목(78.8%), 허리(5.8%), 발목, 팔꿈치(1.9%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 안마운동의 신체부위 상해는 손목(71.4%)이 가장 많은 상해를 입었으며, 다음으로 팔꿈치(3.1%), 어깨(2.5%)순으로 나타났다.

3) 링운동의 신체부위의 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수들이 어깨(25.5%), 허리(12.8%), 가슴, 손목(6.4%)순이며, 남중부 선수들은 어깨(38.7%), 허리(16.1%), 상완부(9.7%)순으로 상해가 나타나고 있으며, 남고부 선수들은 어깨(59.7%), 허리(11.5%), 상완부, 팔꿈치(5.8%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 링운동의 신체부위 상해는 어깨(41.6%)에 가장 많은 상해를 입었으며, 다음은 허리(13.7%), 상완부, 팔꿈치(5.6%)순으로 남자선수들 모두 어깨에서의 상해가 가장 많은 것으로 알 수 있다.

4) 도마의 신체부위 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수는 발목(38.3%), 무릎(12.8%), 머리, 목(2.1%)순이며, 남중부 선수는 발목(45.2%), 무릎(21,0%), 목, 가슴(3.2%)순으로, 남고부 선수들은 발목(52.0%)이 가장 많았고, 무릎(21.2%), 배(7.7%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 뜀틀운동의 신체부위 상해는 발목(45.4%)이 가장 많은 상해가 나타났다.

5) 평행봉 신체부위 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수는 손목(44.7%), 어깨(8.5%), 머리(6.4%)순이며, 남중부 선수는 손목(43.5%), 어깨(21.0%), 팔꿈치, 가슴(8.1%)순으로 상해를 입었으며, 남고부 선수의 경우는 어깨(30.8%)가 가장 많았고, 손목(26.9%), 팔꿈치(13.5%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 평행봉의 신체부위 상해는 손목(38.5%)이 가장 많은 상해를 입었으며, 다음으로 어깨(20.5%), 팔꿈치(8.1%)순으로 나타났다.

6) 철봉의 신체부위 상해를 살펴보면 남초부 선수는 어깨(17.0%), 손목(14.9%), 배(8.5%)순이며, 남중부 선수들은 허리(29.0%), 손목(9.7%), 어깨, 머리(8.1%)순으로 상해를 입었으며, 남고부 선수들은 어깨(25.0%), 허리(23.0%), 손목(15.4%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 철봉 신체부위 상해는 허리(19.8%)에 가장 많은 상해가 나타났고, 다음으로 어깨(16.1%) 손목(13.0%)순으로 나타났다.

7) 도마 신체부위 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 선수는 손목(16.0%)부상이 많이 발생하였으며, 다음으로 발목(12.0%), 어깨, 무릎(8.0%)순으로 상해를 나타냈고, 여중부 선수들은 발목, 무릎(25.7%), 손목(14.9%)순으로, 여고부 선수들은 발목(41.9%), 무릎(16.4%), 손목(14.5%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 여학생의 도마 신체부위 상해는 발목(26.9%), 무릎(17.8%), 손목(15.0%)순으로 나타났다.

8) 이단평행봉 신체부위 상해를 학년 별로 살펴보면 여초부 선수는 손목(24.0%), 가슴, 어깨(8.0%)순이며, 여중부 선수는 허리(23.0%), 어깨, 팔꿈치(19.0%)순으로 상해를 입었으며, 여고부 선수들은 팔꿈치(25.5%), 어깨(23.6%), 허리(9.1%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 여학생의 이단평행봉운동의 신체부위 상해는 어깨(17.3%)에 가장 많은 상해를 입었으며, 다음으로 팔꿈치(16.8%), 허리(13.4%)순으로 나타났다.

9) 평균대 신체부위 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 대퇴(44,0%)에서 가장 많은 상해를 입었으며, 발목, 배(12.0%). 손목(8.0%)순으로 나타나고, 여중부 선수들은 발목(25.7%), 무릎(17.6%), 손목(12.2%)순으로 상해를 입은 반면, 여고부 선수들은 발목(18.2%), 허리(14.5%), 무릎(12.7%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 여학생의 평균대 신체부위 상해는 대퇴(20.1%), 발목(19.6%), 무릎(12.9%)순으로 나타났다.

10) 마루운동 신체부위 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 선수 발목(42.0%), 무릎(14.0%), 손목(12.0%)순이며, 여중부 선수는 발목(29.7%), 무릎(16.2%), 손목(14.8%)순으로, 여고부 선수는 발목(56.4%), 무릎(18.2%), 손목(12.8%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 여학생의 마루운동 신체부위 상해는 발목(41.3%)이 가장 많은 상해를 입었고, 다음으로 무릎(16.2%), 손목(13.4%)순으로 나타났다.

2. 초․중․고등학교 체조선수 종목별 신체조직 상해

1) 마루운동 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수는 근육과 건(46.8%), 뼈(17.0%), 관절(12.8%)순으로 상해를 입었고, 남중부 선수는 근육과 건(50.0%), 관절(27.5%), 뼈(14.5%)순으로, 남고부 선수는 근육과 건(50.0%), 뼈(25.0%), 관절(13.5%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생 마루운동 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(49.1%)의 상해가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 뼈(18.6%), 관절(18.6%)순으로 나타났다.

2) 안마 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수들이 근육과 건(42.6%), 관절(14.9%), 뼈(8.5%)순으로 상해를 입었고, 남중부 선수들은 관절(37.1%), 근육과 건(29.0%), 뼈(9.8%)순으로, 남고부 선수들은 근육과 건(38.5%), 뼈(23.1%), 관절(15.4%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 안마 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(36.0%), 관절(23.6%), 뼈(13.7%)순으로 나타났다.

3) 링의 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수들이 근육과 건(36.1%), 관절(8.5%), 피부(6.4%)순으로 상해를 입었고, 남중부 선수들은 근육과 건(43.5%), 뼈(16.1%), 관절(9.7%)순으로, 남고부 선수들은 근육과 건(57.7%), 관절(19.2%), 뼈(5.8%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 링 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(46.0%), 관절(12.4%), 뼈(9.3%)순으로 나타났다.

4) 도마 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수들은 근육과 건(38.3%), 뼈(10.6%), 관절(4.2%)순으로 상해를 입었고, 남중부 선수들은 근육과 건(38,7%), 관절(29.0%), 뼈(14.5%)순으로, 고등부 선수들은 근육과 건(40.4%), 관절(28,8%), 뼈(13.5%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 도마 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(39.2%), 관절(21.8%), 뼈(13.0%)순으로 나타났다.

5) 평행봉 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수는 근육과 건(25.5%), 관절, 뼈(17.0%), 피부(15.0%)순으로 상해를 입었고, 남중부 선수는 뼈(30.6%)의 상해가 가장 많았으며, 근육과 건(19.4%), 관절(17.7%)순으로, 남고부 선수는 근육과 건(38.5%)가 가장 많이 발생하였고, 관절(28.8%), 뼈(11.6%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 평행봉 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(27.3%)의 상해로 다음은 관절(21.1%), 뼈(20.5%)순으로 나타났다.

6) 철봉 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수는 근육과 건(25.5%), 피부(19.1%), 뼈(6.4%)순으로 나타내고, 남중부 선수들 근육과 건(40.3%), 관절(14.5%), 피부(9.7%)순으로 나타내며, 남고부 선수들은 근육과 건(44.2%), 관절(17.3%), 신경감각기관(7.7%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 남학생의 철봉 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(37.3%), 관절(12.4%), 피부(11.2%)순으로 나타났다.

7) 도마 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면, 여초부 선수들은 근육과 건(28.0%), 피부(10.0%), 관절(8.0%)순으로 상해를 입은 반면, 여중부 선수들은 근육과 건(47.3%), 관절(16.2%), 피부, 뼈(5.4%)순으로, 여고부 선수들은 근육과 건(50.9%), 뼈(12.7%), 관절(10.9%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 여학생의 도마 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(43.6%), 관절(12.3%), 뼈(7.3%)순으로 나타났다.
8) 이단평행봉 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 선수들은 피부(36.0%), 근육과 건(16.0%), 관절(8.0%)순으로 나타났고, 여중부 선수들은 근육과 건(52.7%), 피부(16.2%), 뼈(9.5%)순으로, 여고부 선수들은 근육과 건(47.3%), 뼈(12.7%), 피부(10.9%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 여학생의 이단평행봉의 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(40.8%), 피부(20.1%), 뼈(8.9%)순으로 나타났다.

9) 평균대 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 선수들이 피부(54.0%), 근육과 건(20.0%), 관절(12.0%)순으로, 여중부 선수들은 근육과 건(35.1%), 피부(25.7%), 관절(14.9%)순으로 나타나며, 여고부 선수들은 근육과 건(38.2%), 피부(14.5%), 신경 감각기관(9.1%)순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 여학생의 평균대 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(31.8%), 피부(30.2%), 관절(10.6%)순으로 나타났다.

10) 마루운동 신체조직 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 선수는 근육과 건(42.0%), 관절(24.0%), 뼈(10.0%)상해를 입었고, 여중부 선수는 근육과 건(58.1%), 관절(17.5%), 뼈(5.4%)순으로, 여고부 선수는 근육과 건(63.6%), 뼈(21.8%), 관절(7.3%) 순으로 나타났다.
전체적으로 여학생의 마루운동 신체조직 상해는 근육과 건(55.3%), 관절(16.2%), 뼈(11.7%)순으로 나타났다.

3. 초․중․고등학교 체조선수 계절별 상해

1) 계절별 운동 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 봄(40.4%), 남중부 겨울(53.2%), 남고부 겨울(44.2%)등 선수들이 겨울에 많은 부상을 입은 것으로 나타났다. 남학생의 계절별 상해의 차이를 살펴보면 겨울철에 상해를 경험한 선수가(44.1%)로 가장 많이 나타났으며, 다음으로 봄(26.1%), 가을(15.5%), 여름(14.3%)순으로 나타났다.

2) 계절별 운동 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 학년별 상해계절은 여초부 겨울(44.4%) 여중부 겨울(37.8%), 여고부 겨울(54.5%)등 선수들이 겨울에 많은 부상을 입은 것으로 나타났고, 그다음으로는 여름, 가을, 봄 순으로 상해를 많이 당하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 남자선수와 여자 선수들 모두 겨울에 상해가 많이 발생함을 알 수 있다. 여학생의 계절별 상해의 차이를 살펴보면 겨울철에 상해를 경험한 선수가(44.7%)로 가장 많이 나타났으며, 다음으로 여름(22.3%), 가을(20.1%), 봄(12.9%)순으로 상해 계절을 알 수 있다.

4. 초․중․고등학교 체조선수 운동 시기별 상해

1) 남학생의 운동시기별 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부(87.2%), 남중부(85.5%), 남고부(90.4%)로 훈련도중에 상해가 가장 많이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 다음으로 일상생활, 평가전, 경기도중 으로 나타났다.

2) 여학생의 운동시기별 상해를 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부(76.0%), 여중부(77.0%), 여고부 (92.7%)로 훈련 도중에 운동 상해를 입은 경험이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 일상생활과 평가전 때 순으로 상해가 발생하였다.

5. 초․중․고등학교 체조선수 운동 상해 시 개인적 요인

1) 남학생의 운동 상해 시 개인적 요인에 의한 상해는 과도한 연습(24.2%)로 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 체력부족(19.3%), 준비운동, 기량부족(13.7%)순으로 나타났다. 학년별 운동 상해 개인적 요인으로는 남초부(23.4%), 남중부(25.8%)의 체력부족이 가장 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 남고부(21.2%)는 기량부족이 가장 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

2) 여학생의 운동 상해 시 개인적 요인에 의한 상해는 기량부족(29.6%)로 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 체력부족(16.8%), 과도한 긴장(16.6%), 과도한 연습(16.2%)순으로 상해빈도가 나타났으며, 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 체력부족(24.0%), 여중부 기량부족(29.7%), 여고부 기량부족(25.5%)이 가장 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

6. 초․중․고등학교 체조선수 연습 중 난이도별 상해

1) 남학생의 연습 중 난이도별 상해를 보면 C난이도가(32.3%)로 가장 많은 응답을 보였으며, 다음으로 D난이도가(31.1%), A난이도(14.3%), B난이도(13.0%), E난이도(6.2%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 선수는 A난이도, C난이도(36.1%),에서 가장 많은 상해를 나타냈고, 남중부 선수는 C난이도(38.7%), D난이도(32.3%), B난이도(17.7%), A난이도, E난이도의 순으로 나타났다. 고등부 선수는 D난이도(53.9%), C난이도(21.2%), E난이도(11.5%), A난이도, B난이도 순으로 나타났다.

2) 여학생의 연습 중 난이도별 상해를 보면 D난이도(38.0%), C난이도 (31.8%), A난이도(13.4%), B난이도(10.6%), E난이도(2.8%), G난이도(2.8%)순으로 나타내고 있다. 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 A난이도(38.0%)에서 가장 많은 상해를 입었으며, C난이도(24.0%), B난이도(22.0%), D난이도(8.0%) 순으로 상해가 발생되었음을 알 수 있다. 여중부 D난이도(48.6%)가 가장 많이 발생하였고, C난이도(39.2%), A난이도(5.3%), E난이도(2.7%), B난이도(1.4%) 순으로 나타났다. 여고부 D난이도(51.0%), C난이도(29.1%), B난이도(12.7%), E난이도(5.4%), A난이도(1.8%)순으로 나타났다.

7. 초․중․고등학교 체조선수 시합 중 난이도별 상해

1) 남학생의 시합 중 난이도별 상해를 보면 D난이도(31.7%)로 가장 많은 응답을 보였고, 다음으로 C난이도(21.8%), B난이도(12.4%), A난이도(8.1%), E난이도(4.3%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 학년별로 살펴보면 남초부 C난이도(25.5%)가 가장 상해를 많이 입은 것으로 나타냈고 다음으로 A난이도(23.4%), B난이도(17.%), D난이도(6.4%)순이며, 남중부 D난이도(37.1%), C난이도(24.2%), B난이도(14.5%), E난이도, A난이도 순으로, 남고부 D난이도(48.1%), C난이도(15.4%), E난이도(9.6%), B난이도(5.8%), A난이도(1.9%) 순으로 나타났다.

2) 여학생의 시합 중 난이도별 상해를 보면 D난이도(33.5%)가 가장 높게 나타났으며 C난이도(28.5%), B난이도(5.6%), A난이도(5.0%), E난이도(2.2%), G난이도(0.6%)순으로 나타났다. 학년별로 살펴보면 여초부 C난이도(22.0%), A, B난이도(10.0%), D난이도(4.0%)순으로 상해를 입은 반면, 여중부 D난이도(37.8%), C난이도(36.5%), B난이도(5.4%), A난이도(2.7%), E난이도(1.4%)의 순으로, 여고부 D난이도(54.5%), C난이도(23.6%), E난이도(5.5%), A난이도(3.6%), B난이도(1.8%)순으로 나타났다.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the elementary, middle, and high school gymnasts' injury body-part and injury types by gymnastics events, injury by seasons, injury by exercise period, and the causes of injury.
The group of total 340 gymnasts, male 161 and female 179, were selected in this study. This group of gymnasts are all registered in Korea Gymnastics Association and selected from all over the country, 5 Cities (Seoul, Incheon, Daeju, Daejeon, Ulsan) and 6 Provinces (Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Jeju).
This research was done by questionnaire, which was composed of 20 questions about injury body-part, types, period, and causes. Some collected questionnaire, which were against to the questionnaire law or impossible to classify, were excluded in this research and the final of 340 questionnaires were utilized by the method of SPSS Windows 12.0. Each question's frequency analysis was calculated as a percentage (%) and the conclusion obtained from this research describes as following;

1. Elementary, Middle, and High school gymnasts' body-part injury by gymnastics events

1) Male gymnasts' body-part injury in Floor Exercise by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (46.9%), followed by wrist (10.7%), and knee (8.5%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (54.9%), followed by knee (14.5%), and wrist (12.9%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (61.5%), followed by waist (15.4%), and knee (9.6%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' body-part injury in Floor Exercise show the highest percentage in ankle (54.7%), followed by knee (11.2%), and wrist (10.6%).

2) Male gymnasts' body-part injury in Pommel Horse by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in wrist (61.7%), followed by shoulder (4.3%), and chest (2.1%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in wrist (72.6%), followed by elbow (4.8%), and shoulder (3.2%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in wrist (78.8%), followed by waist (5.8%), and ankle & knee (1.9%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' body-part injury in Pommel Horse show the highest percentage in wrist (71.4%), followed by elbow (3.1%), and shoulder (2.5%).

3) Male gymnasts' body-part injury in Rings by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in shoulder (25.5%), followed by waist (12.8%), and chest & wrist (6.4%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in shoulder (16.1%), followed by waist (12.8%), and upper part-body (9.7%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in shoulder (59.7%), followed by waist (11.5%), and upper part-body & elbow (5.8%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' body-part injury in Rings show the highest percentage in shoulder (41.6%), followed by waist (13.7%), and upper part-body & elbow (5.6%).

4) Male gymnasts' body-part injury in Vault by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (38.3%), followed by knee (12.8%), and head & neck (2.1%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (45.2%), followed by knee (21.0%), and neck & chest (3.2%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (52.0%), followed by knee (21.2%), and belly (7.7%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' body-part injury in Vault shows the highest percentage in ankle (45.4%).

5) Male gymnasts' body-part injury in Parallel Bars by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in wrist (44.7%), followed by shoulder (8.5%), and head (6.4%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in wrist (43.5%), followed by shoulder (21.0%), and elbow & chest (8.1%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in shoulder (30.8%), followed by wrist (26.9%), and elbow (13.5%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' body-part injury in Parallel Bars show the highest percentage in wrist (38.5%), followed by shoulder (20.5%), and elbow (8.1%).

6) Male gymnasts' body-part injury in Horizontal Bar by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in shoulder (17.0%), followed by wrist (14.9%), and belly (8.5%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in waist (29.0%), followed by wrist (9.7%), and shoulder & head (8.1%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in shoulder (25.0%), followed by waist (23.0%), and wrist (15.4%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' body-part injury in Horizontal Bar show the highest percentage in waist (19.8%), followed by shoulder (16.1%), and wrist (13.0%).

7) Female gymnasts' body-part injury in Vault by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school female gymnasts have the most injury in wrist (16.0%), followed by ankle (12.0%), and shoulder & knee (8.0%). Middle school female gymnasts have the most injury in ankle & knee (25.7%), followed by wrist (14.9%). High school female gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (41.9%), followed by knee (16.4%), and wrist (14.5%).
As a whole, female gymnasts' body-part injury in Vault show the highest percentage in ankle (26.9%), followed by knee (26.9%), and wrist (15.0%).

8) Female gymnasts' body-part injury in Uneven Bars by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school female gymnasts have the most injury in wrist (24.0%), followed by chest & shoulder (8.0%). Middle school female gymnasts have the most injury in waist (23.0%), followed by shoulder & elbow (19.0%). High school female gymnasts have the most injury in elbow (25.5%), followed by shoulder (23.6%), and waist (9.1%).
As a whole, female gymnasts' body-part injury in Uneven Bars show the highest percentage in shoulder (17.3%), followed by elbow (16.8%), and waist (13.4%).

9) Female gymnasts' body-part injury in Balance Beam by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school female gymnasts have the most injury in thigh (44.0%), followed by ankle & belly (12.0%), wrist (8.0%). Middle school female gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (25.7%), followed by knee (17.6%), and wrist (12.2%). High school female gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (18.2%), followed by waist (14.5%), and knee (12.7%).
As a whole, female gymnasts' body-part injury in Balance Beam show the highest percentage in thigh (20.1%), followed by ankle (19.6%), and knee (12.9%).

10) Female gymnasts' body-part injury in Floor Exercise by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school female gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (42.0%), followed by knee (14.0%), and wrist (12.0%). Middle school female gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (29.7%), followed by knee (16.2%), and wrist (14.8%). High school female gymnasts have the most injury in ankle (54.6%), followed by knee (18.2%), and wrist (12.8%).
As a whole, female gymnasts' body-part injury in Floor Exercise show the highest percentage in ankle (41.3%), followed by knee (16.2%), and wrist (13.4%).

2. Elementary, Middle, and High school gymnasts' bodily tissue injury by gymnastics events

1) Male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Floor Exercise by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (46.8%), followed by bone (17.0%), and joint (12.8%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (50.0%), followed by joint (27.5%), and bone (14.5%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (50.0%), followed by bone (25.0%), and joint (13.5%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Floor Exercise show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (49.1%), followed by bone (18.6%), and joint (18.6%).

2) Male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Pommel Horse by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (42.6%), followed by joint (14.9%), and bone (8.5%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in joint (37.1%), followed by muscle & tendon (29.0%), and bone (9.8%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (38.5%), followed by bone (23.1%), and joint (15.3%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Pommel Horse show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (36.0%), followed by joint (23.6%), and bone (13.7%).

3) Male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Rings by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (36.1%), followed by joint (8.5%), and skin (6.4%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (43.5%), followed by bone (16.1%), and joint (9.7%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (57.7%), followed by joint (19.2%), and bone (5.8%).
As a whole, male gymnasts'bodily tissue injury in Rings show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (46.0%), followed by joint (12.4%), and bone (9.3%).

4) Male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Vault by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (38.3%), followed by bone (10.6%), and joint (4.2%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (38.7%), followed by joint (29.0%), and bone (14.5%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (40.4%), followed by joint (28.8%), and bone (13.5%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Vault show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (39.2%), followed by joint (21.8%), and bone (13.0%).

5) Male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Parallel Bars by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (25.5%), followed by joint & bone (17.0%), and skin (15.0%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in bone (30.6%), followed by muscle & tendon (19.4%), and joint (17.7%). High school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (38.5%), followed by joint (28.8%), and bone (11.6%).
As a whole, male gymnasts'bodily tissue injury in Parallel Bars show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (27.3%), followed by joint (21.1%), and bone (20.5%).

6) Male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Horizontal Bar by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (25.5%), followed by skin (19.1%), and bone (6.4%). Middle school male gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (40.3%), followed by joint (14.5%), and skin (9.7%). High school male gymnasts have the most in muscle & tendon (44.2%), followed by joint (17.3%), and neural sense organ (7.7%).
As a whole, male gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Horizontal Bar show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (37.3%), followed by joint (12.4%), and skin (11.2%).

7) Female gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Vault by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (28.0%), followed by skim (10.0%), and joint (8.0%). Middle school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (47.3%), followed by joint (16.2%), and skin & bone (5.4%). High school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (50.9%), followed by bone (12.7%), and joint (10.9%).
As a whole, female gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Vault show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (43.6%), followed by joint (12.3%), and bone (7.3%).

8) Female gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Uneven Bars by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school female gymnasts have the most injury in skin (36.0%), followed by muscle & tendon (16.0%), and joint (8.0%). Middle school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (52.7%), followed by skin (16.2%), and bone (9.5%). High school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (47.3%), followed by bone (12.7%), and skin (10.9%).
As a whole, female gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Uneven Bars show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (40.8%), followed by skin (20.1%), and bone (8.9%).

9) Female gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Balance Beam by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school female gymnasts have the most injury in skin (54.0%), followed by muscle & tendon (20.0%), and joint (12.0%). Middle school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (35.1%), followed by skin (25.7%), and joint (14.9%). High school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (38.2%), followed by skin (14.5%), and neural sense organ (9.1%).
As a whole, female gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Balance Beam show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (31.8%), followed by skin (30.2%), and joint (10.6%).

10) Female gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Floor Exercise by their school grade shows the following percentage. Elementary school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (42.0%), followed by joint (24.0%), and bone (10.0%). Middle school female gymnasts have the most injury in muscle & tendon (58.1%), followed by joint (17.5%), and bone (5.4%). High school female gymnasts have the most in muscle & tendon (63.6%), followed by bone (21.8%), and joint (7.3%).
As a whole, female gymnasts' bodily tissue injury in Floor Exercise show the highest percentage in muscle & tendon (55.3%), followed by joint (16.2%), and bone (11.7%).

3. Elementary, Middle, and High school gymnasts' injury by season

1) Male gymnasts' sports injury by season shows the following percentage in each school grade. Elementary school male gymnasts injured in spring season (40.4%), middle school male gymnasts, winter season (53.2%), and high school male gymnasts, winter season (44.2%). This indicates that gymnasts are injured in winter season more than in other seasons. In regard to male gymnasts' injury in each season, they experienced injury with the highest percentage in winter season (44.1%), followed by spring (26.1%), fall (15.5%), and summer (14.3%)

2) Female gymnasts' sports injury by season shows the following percentage in each school grade. Elementary school female gymnasts injured in winter season (44.4%), middle school female gymnasts, winter season (37.8%), and high school female gymnasts, winter season (54.5%). This indicates that gymnasts are injured in winter season more than in other seasons. In regard to female gymnasts' injury in each season, they experienced injury with the highest percentage in winter season (44.7%), followed by summer (22.3%), fall (20.1%), and spring (12.9%). This shows both male and female gymnasts are injured in winter season more than in other seasons.

4. Elementary, Middle, and High school gymnasts' injury by exercise period

1) Male gymnasts' injury by exercise period shows the following percentage in each school grade. Elementary school male gymnasts (87.2%), middle school male gymnasts (85.5%), and high school male gymnasts (90.4%) experienced injury mostly during the training session, followed by the time of common life, preliminary competition, and formal competition.

2) Female gymnasts' injury by exercise period shows the following percentage in each school grade. Elementary school female gymnasts (76.0%), middle school female gymnasts (77.0%), and high school female gymnasts (92.7%) experienced injury mostly during the training session, followed by the time of common life, and preliminary competition.

5. Elementary, Middle, and High school gymnasts' injury caused by personal reasons

1) Male gymnasts' sports injury caused by personal reasons shows the following percentage in each reason. They are mostly injured by excessive training (24.2%), followed by lack of physical strength (19.3%), and preliminary exercise & lack of ability (13.7%). In regard to personal reasons of sports injury in each school grade, elementary school male gymnasts (23.4%), middle school male gymnasts (25.8%) show the highest frequency injury by lack of physical strength while high school male gymnasts (21.2%) show the highest frequency injury by lack of ability.

2) Female gymnasts' sports injury caused by personal reasons shows the following percentage in each reason. They are mostly injured by lack of ability (29.6%), followed by lack of physical strength (16.8%), excessive tension (16.6%), and excessive training (16.2). In regard to reasons in each school grade, elementary school female gymnasts show the highest frequency injury by lack of physical strength (24.0%), middle school female gymnasts, lack of ability (29.7%), and high school female gymnasts, lack of ability (25.5%)

6. Elementary, Middle, and High school gymnasts' injury by the degree of difficulty during the training

1) Male gymnasts' injury by the degree of difficulty during the training shows the highest percentage in C Degree (32.3%), followed by D Degree(31.1%), A Degree (14.3%), B Degree (13.0%), and E Degree (6.2%). In regard to injury in each school grade, elementary school male gymnasts show the highest frequency injury in A & C Degree (36.1%). Middle school male gymnasts show the results in order of C Degree (38.7%), followed by D Degree (32.3%), B Degree (17.7%), A Degree, and E Degree. High school male gymnasts show the results in order of D Degree (53.9%), C Degree (21.2%), E Degree (11.5%), A Degree, and B Degree.

2) Female gymnasts' injury by the degree of difficulty during the training shows the highest percentage in D Degree (38.0%), followed by C Degree(31.8%), A Degree (13.4%), B Degree (10.6%), and E Degree (2.8%). In regard to injury in each school grade, elementary school female gymnasts show the highest frequency injury in A Degree (38.0%), followed by C Degree (24.0%), B Degree (22.0%), and D Degree (8.0%). Middle school female gymnasts show the highest frequency injury in D Degree (48.6%), followed by C Degree (39.2%), A Degree (5.3%), E Degree (2.7%), and B Degree (1.4%). High school female gymnasts show the results in order of D Degree (51.0%), C Degree (29.1%), B Degree (12.7%), E Degree (5.4%), and A Degree (1.8%).

7. Elementary, Middle, and High school gymnasts' injury by the degree of difficulty during the formal competition

1) Male gymnasts' injury by the degree of difficulty during the formal competition shows the highest percentage in D Degree (31.7%), followed by C Degree(21.8%), B Degree (12.4%), A Degree (8.1%), and E Degree (4.3%). In regard to injury in each school grade, elementary school male gymnasts show the highest frequency injury in C Degree (25.5%), followed by A Degree (23.4%), B Degree (17.0%), and D Degree (6.4%). Middle school male gymnasts show the results in order of D Degree (37.1%), C Degree (24.2%), B Degree (14.5%), E Degree, and A Degree. High school male gymnasts show the results in order of D Degree (48.1%), C Degree (15.4%), E Degree (9.6%), B Degree (5.8%), and A Degree (1.9%).

2) Female gymnasts' injury by the degree of difficulty during the formal competition shows the highest percentage in D Degree (33.5%), followed by C Degree(28.5%), B Degree (5.6%), A Degree (5.0%), E Degree (2.2%), and G Degree (0.6%). In regard to injury in each school grade, elementary school female gymnasts show the results in order of C Degree (22.0%), A & B Degree (10.0%), and D Degree (4.0%). Middle school female gymnasts show the results in order of D Degree (37.8%), C Degree (36.5%), B Degree (5.4%), A Degree (2.7%), and E Degree (1.4%). High school female gymnasts show the results in order of D Degree (54.5%), C Degree (23.6%), E Degree (5.5%), A Degree (3.6%), and B Degree (1.8%).
Author(s)
박선영
Issued Date
2011
Awarded Date
2012. 2
Type
Dissertation
URI
http://dcoll.jejunu.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000005857
Alternative Author(s)
Park, Sun Young
Affiliation
제주대학교
Department
대학원 체육학과
Advisor
남사웅
Table Of Contents
Ⅰ. 서 론 1
1. 연구의 필요성 1
2. 연구의 목적 3
3. 연구의 문제 3
4. 연구의 제한점 5
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 6
1. 기계체조의 정의 6
2. 기계체조의 역사 7
3. 기계체조의 특성 8
4. 스포츠상해의 개념 14
5. 스포츠상해의 원인 15
6. 스포츠상해의 유형 19
III. 연구 방법 23
1. 연구대상 23
2. 조사도구 23
3. 연구기간 24
4. 조사방법 24
5. 자료처리 25
IV. 연구결과 26
V. 논의 47
Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 54
1. 결론 54
2. 제언 61
참고문헌 63
ABSTRACT 67
부록 76
Degree
Master
Publisher
제주대학교 대학원
Citation
박선영. (2011). 체조선수들의 종목별 운동 상해에 관한 연구
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > Kinesiology
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