漂海錄을 통해서 본 明代 朝鮮 漂流民의 救助 硏究

Abstract

Drifting is a special communication channel between China and Korea in Ancient. Korea has left a large number of Crusoe which was written by castaways or according to the castaways record. The contents of this article, mainly about the way of salvation and the rescue process and department of the Ming Dynasty of Korean castaways through the Korean castaways records and relevant documents. First, the Ming dynasty clear drifting events responsible for the Board of War and the Board of Rites. When the castaways arrived in the capital, the Board of Rites was in charge of their living, rewards and interview. The Board of War was in charge of the interrogation and escort to castaways. Second, the interrogation was generally divided into four stages. The first three stages were mainly responsible for the coastal defense of various "Beiwo" officials to act as, the fourth stage is the provincial chief review and audit decision. The interrogation is the focus of drifting identification, in particular to identify whether the Japanese pirates. This is evidenced by the Japanese raging Ming serious coast defense situation. Third, The Ming Dynasty offered relief and resettlement for the Korea castaways. In the local of being rescued and on the Journey of repatriation , the local government and stages provided an adequate supply of food and clothes. In the Capital, the central govement arranged for Korean castaways to live in HuiTongGuan which is responsible for the reception of ambassadors. The Ming Dynasty provided medical assistance to the castaways who were sick and also provided the burial and ritual to the deaths. Forth, The repatriation took place in two major ways, First was to send the castaways back with the Korean Envoys. The second was to despatch an official escort with the castaways and return them to the frontier between China and Korea. The route of repatriation was mainly by land , but sometimes they went by sea. In most schooler's opinions, the system of Salvage was established only by the middle of Qing Dynasty. The author of this thesis holds different opinions. The content of Crusoe and relevant documents demonstrated that in the Ming Dynasty, China had formed a system of salvage or statute to foreigners. By the accounts of different castaways and relevant documents, we can confirm this point. The sign is formed more normative salvage process and clear in every link of the specific department responsible for rescue, and formed a rule-based statute. The system of salvage which was established by the Ming Dynasty was basically inherited and developed by the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, this study also tries to show through historical reconstruction, the complex bilateral relations and deep cultural psychology behind the salvage system. As a suzerain state, the Ming Dynasty rescued the castaways of his vassal states, not only because of the humanitarian spirit, but also stretch of conciliatory policy, to maintain the loyalty and gratitude of Korea to the Ming Dynasty. And this is also a special channel to display the national soft power. This is the fundamental difference between the salvage of the Ming Dynasty and modern salvage.