제주도 고산지역 TSP, PM2.5 에어로졸의 계절별 화학조성 비교

Abstract

The collection of TSP (total suspended particulate) and PM2.5 (particulate matter, below 2.5 ?m diameter) aerosols has been made at Gosan site of Jeju Island during 2008-2011, and their ionic and elemental species were analyzed, in order to examine the seasonal variation and characteristics of aerosol compositions. In the ion balance comparison, the correlation coefficients(r) between the sum of cationic equivalent concentrations and the sum of anionic equivalent concentrations were 0.996 and 0.992, respectively, for TSP and PM2.5 particles, indicating a good correlation. The mean concentrations of water-soluble components of TSP aerosols were in the order of nss-SO42- > NO3- > NH4+ > Na+ > Cl- > K+ > nss-Ca2+ > Mg2+ > HCO3- > H+, and those of elemental components were in order of S > Na > Al > Fe > Ca > K > Mg > Zn > Pb > Ti > Mn > Ba > Cu > Ni > V > Sr > Cr > Cd > Co > Mo. The concentrations of ionic species in PM2.5 aerosols have shown the order of nss-SO42- > NH4+ > NO3- > Na+ > Cl- > K+ > HCO3- > nss-Ca2+ > Mg2+ > H+. From the study of size-segregated aerosols components, the concentration ratios of NH4+, nss-SO42- and NO3- in PM2.5/ TSP particle were 1.10, 0.83, 0.77, respectively, showing that these components were mostly in the fine particles. From the seasonal comparison, the anthropogenic components (NH4+, nss-SO42-, NO3-, S, Zn, Pb) and the soil components (nss-Ca2+, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti, Ba, Sr) showed high concentrations in spring season as the westerly wind prevails. The neutralization of NH3 was 59.8% and 76.5%, and that of CaCO3 was 10.5% and 5.5% in TSP and PM2.5, respectively. From the factor analysis for the examination of the source origins, the TSP aerosol components were originated by soil > marine > anthropogenic, and the PM2.5 aerosol components were by anthropogenic > marine > soil. The backward trajectory analyses showed that the concentrations of NH4+, nss-SO42-, NO3-, S and nss-Ca2+ increased when the air masses had moved from China continent to Gosan area.