麗末鮮初 濟州牧의 設置와 運營

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to review the establishment and enforcement of Jeju-mok[濟州牧] during latter Goryeo and first Joseon. Despite the establishment of Jeju-mok started in latter Goryeo, since existing studies are dynastically biased seeing Jeju-mok as if it was from early Goryeo or seeing from the perspective of early Joseon, the establishment and its enforcement have not been figured out from the consistent perspective. Especially in Goryeo dynasty and Joseon dynasty, there was Gunhyun-je[郡縣制] which had a consistent local administrative structure while there were differences in the status of county and authority, and the duties and official grades of official rank of local authorities' or 'Oe-gwan'[外官]. Furthermore, the duties of district's local clerks or Hyangris[鄕吏] who had been powerful family clans in early Goryeo became simply supporting Oe-gwan and the basic structure of centralization were gradually completed. From the first King of Taejo[太祖] to Hyunjong[顯宗], the Early Goryeo is a stage in which a series of basic structures for the local government system was established. But from the mid Goryeo, the changes of operation in central government due to the military political power of 'Mooshin Government'[武臣政權] made influences on the changes in the local government system. From mid Goryeo, as Y?an's[元] obvious interference started, Goryeo's administrative system and way of operation was changed. Particularly in Jeju, there was Tamnachonggwanbu[耽羅摠管府] under Y?an's direct control and it had dual operation system apart from Goryeo's governing system. Due to Y?an's governing combined with the foundation of Joseon during the regime change from Y?an to Ming, Goryeo's governing operation was devastated by invasion of 'Red Turban Bandits' and Japanese raiders. People had to depend on the riches of the province instead of central government regarding their survival. Jeju was extraordinarily high position in the local administration system since its status was 'Mok' and it was the third highest which was just below Gyoung[京] and Dohobu[都護府]. But ironically it was after Mooshin Government that Jeju took the position of Mok. To say it again, during the turbulent period of Goreo, it was after Mooshin Government that Jeju got the status of Mok. However, since the 10th year of Sukjong[肅宗] regime, until it was renominated as Tamnagun[耽羅郡] or a county, it took the staus of country. But after it be came a county, its status was village level. Similarly, since Jeju was absorbed in the territory ruled by Goryeo, the duty and status of Oe-gwan deployed in Jeju became more difficult. And it would be the basic standard to measure the status of Jeju in the Goryeo's administrative system. Oe-gwan deployed in Jeju was high rank who was above the 4thrank in the official rank system and their most important duty was to handle the invasion of Japanese raiders. By the way, in Jeju, there was Togwan[土官] who had significant influences in the local area and they were usually seen in the Yanggye[兩界] province. Their origin was from Hyang-ri but they were different local powerful group unlike Hyang-ri. The life of people in Jeju was not satisfiable. The devastated natural environment and the ruling system gave more pains to people in Jeju. Finally, Togwan system was abolished and we can't find the record of it in the Gyoung-guk-dea-jeon[經國大典] which established in Seongjong[成宗] regime in mid Joseon. Eventually, the establishment and enforcement of Mok is for the central government to include it in its governing territory as a high authority though, from the perspective of people governed, it was completely opposite to the intention of ruling government.