심층생태주의에 대한 비판적 고찰

Abstract

The matter of environmental crisis has gradually been getting worse, even the international society has been devising new measures for over 40 years. Since 1972, various protocols and agreements for the environmental crisis have been made because they are constantly being dealt with as an international agenda. However, there are limitations for applying solutions that have been suggested from these protocols and agreements on account of the different positions of each country and difference of each country's level of development. After all, reformed expedients for the environmental crisis are confined to temporary substitutes which cannot solve fundamental problems. Philosophy has worried about this situation to resolve trouble of age, and proposed views of the world which help people to live in that age appropriately. Environmental philosophy also has been instigated from the needs of the generations that are trying to overcome the environmental crisis. Arne Naess, a philosopher from Norway, could not bear to watch the ecological crisis that the age faced, so he threw himself into ecological movements and erected deep ecology strategies. ?He tried to pull environmental philosophy to metaphysics within the huge subject of Self exploration. He separated from existing superficial solutions for environmental crisis, and tried to apply grok solutions to ecological movements. He advocates that only changing an anthropocentric outlook of the world to eco-centric outlook of the world is the solution for environmental crisis. According to Arne Naess's deep ecology strategy, Naess recognized existing eco-philosophy was one of turning points in science community, but he criticized that the message from environmental philosophy was distorted and unsuccessful, he then argued the necessity of a broader, long-term, fundamental united environmental movement. Deep ecology prefers mutual related, overall images, and aims biological egalitarianism. Deep ecology pursues the principle of symbiosis and disapproves of any to have an ability of kill or overwhelm other species. Also, deep ecology poses anti-class in order to correspond to ecological egalitarianism and the principle of symbiosis. Deep ecology puts the emphasis on complexity that contributes to factors of interactive make one system, and seek local government and decentralization to consolidate self-fulfillment of organisms in the area of ecological balance. Besides, Naess suggested 8 doctrine principles of behavior which includes the features of deep ecology. These eight formulations are the actual base of deep ecological movement. Though it does not specify how to behave in reality, it suggests the adoption of the point of view of bio-centric, and eco-centric as an outlook of the world. It also suggests?'Ecosophy T'?as a visualized 'diagram of premise-conclusion'. Deep ecology denies the existing outlook of the world in order to resolve facing environmental crisis, and puts a request to the ecological world to view that there are huge connections in one big network. Deep ecology wants to recognize the higher level of 'Self- realization'?and be together with nature as an?'ecological self'. There are many criticisms to the opinion of the deep ecology. They are related to verbalism, arguments are based on ecology, and human's social relationships. However, I recognize that deep ecology has contributed to settle destruction of environment and ecological crisis which are the result of a selfish, fragmented world view that exists with anthropocentric, anti-ecological thoughts. This paper is aimed to analyze how world view has affected to human life and recent ecological crisis and the age of philosophy which is the root of the world views. Ecophilosophy is come from living place, and it is the point of view that is proposed to apply to the living place. In that sense, the practical parts are more emphasized. Through Naess' deep ecology, we were able to extend our cognition from anthropocentric to watch the ecology of whole space. Philosophy as the world view reluctantly has an implication of a practical situation. 'Ecosophy T'?makes us to analyze our life style, and forecast that we could pursue euphoria from self realization through the process of identifying nature. And?'Ecosophy T'?also make us realize that the activity of throwing questions about ecological problem, and human's life problem is the initial point to reach to foundation of these problems as a reasonable human to resolve the problems creatively.