농촌경제 활성화 측면에서 본 제주지역 마을기업의 현황과 발전 과제

Abstract

Due to a futureless agriculture, rural area is getting empty. While the jobs keep decreasing due to a depopulation and aging, demand of welfare is rising sharply. The vicious cycle is being repeated as service market is absurdly weak and social service from the external sector is tough and deteriorates vitality of agriculture eventually. Now it's a time when the new alternative for development is needed desperately. I suppose it is a effective way to raise and develop village companies to resolve two major problems of rural area at this moment. The aim of this study is to search for subjects for the development of village company. According to recent studies for institutionalization and typology of community business, there are many on-going studies in not only agricultural economy but also administration, welfare, management, real estate, geography and etc. Also in jeju area, relevant studies have been done on the way to develop Jeju type community business and detailed proceed plan in an article as "Excavation of Jeju Community Business and Activation Method" research by Ko Tae-ho(2011) et al., and Jeju Community business Center(2012) suggested necessity of intermediate assistant organization to vitalize community business, establishment model and management plan. These studies aimed to establish successful model through the concept establishment and case study of community business. The village company designates "a company which has democratic decision making process and utilizes tangible or intangible resources in that region such as specified natural resources, manpower, processed products, festival and etc. inside village which is in geographically separated from other regions under the bilateral understandings and emotional sympathy. The villagers play a leading role by investing more than 10% of total expense and attend decision making." Furthermore, government supports village company in a roundabout way and help the local residents can resolve regional problems, and set up local governance and develop suitable business for their region by centering around the local government. Coming of an aging society, deindustrialization and mass unemployment caused by globalization of economy, intensified bipolarization, advance of regionalization, worsening government finance and public service deterioration and etc. brought into existence of community business. As mentioned in advanced studies, it is essential to reflect need of local community and requirement of the local residents and set up social capital among the members in advance. Based on these requirement, it is necessary to nurture intermediate assistant organization to take working level charge, establish network to activate social economic exchanges, set up village company evaluation system, develop the program to train human resources and promote communal spirit from the beginning of village company throughout whole developing process. It requires a great deal of effort to succeed and develop village company. Above all, a local government head's will is essential as Wanju district, and systemic complement such as legislation or revision of related laws and regulations as well. Also village company must keep studying and researching to develop and expand business scale. So far, domestic village companies have something in common that they found suitable works to do in their own region and succeeded. farming and fishing communities utilize regional specialties and depressed region due to conflict in local community is rechallenging to rehabilitate. Urban area is trying to inherit and develop area–specified items and improve the quality of life by themselves through introducing services local residents require drastically and contributing to local economy. Also it is remarkable that they are renewing as a genuine community. Recently a lot of local communities are suffering from economic depression and decreasing residents. Through benchmarking successful cases like this, it may contribute to regional vitalization and improvement of the quality of residents'life by developing local-based business and involving residents. And ultimately, it will contribute to peace of nation and welfare of the whole nation. Although I couldn't refer to specific case in this study, a lot of articles and literatures point out that the best target of village company is to contribute to vitalization of regional economy and restoration of village community and sustainable development as well. Economic aim of village company is to create jobs by utilizing resources of village and accommodating idle manpower of village and nearby area. During the process of achievement of this goal, it is possible to energize rural area, vitalize economy and restore community by winning the sympathy that it is worthwhile to work together.