북한지역 인적자본 축적 산출

Abstract

This study aims to calculate human capital index of North Korea. To achieve this, human capital index of North Korea is divided into 「quantitative, qualitative, health」 following one of the classification in previous studies on human capital. Human capital index of North Korea is the general index which contains 3 sub categories, which this paper will investigate. The 3 subcategories are 「quantitative human capital index, qualitative human capital index, health human capital index」. First, human capital is defined as 'knowledge, skills and health that each individual possesses are resources for the foundation of individual and social development and factors to create additional values. Thus, human capital index is calculated with factors that are correlated with growth of GDP of applicable region. To calculate human capital index, this study is based on statistics index of North Korea and 31 indexes are selected from previous studies on statistics of North Korea. Then, 31 statistics indexes are analyzed of correlation with GDP of Korea over the 23 years (1990~2012) that was published in UN. 15 correlated indexes out of 31 are selected, which are then used for pairwise comparison questionnaire with 23 experts in South and North Korea relationship. Participants in the questionnaire consists of 3 experts with North Korea related experiences, 8 with 10~ 20 experiences, and less than 12 with 10 years' experience or so. The questionnaire results are used to weigh the human capital index. The results showed that human capital index of North Korea has increased from 99 points in 1990 to 128 in 2012, as of 2000. In addition, index became downward during the period of "March of Suffering" that occurred mid of 1990s in North Korea and showed decreasing trend afterwards. Quantitative human capital index of North Korea showed that it was 89 points in 1990 and 117 points in 2012, as of 2000. Qualitative human capital index showed 140 points, which increased by 28 from 1990s. Health human capital index was 101 points in 1990 and reached 130 points in 2012, as of 2000. Moreover, protein index, expected life span index and early death index are found as most critical factors in health human capital index from the research result, which indicated decreased or stationed as it was.