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쇼펜하우어의 의지개념과 자연 연구

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Alternative Title
A study on Schopenhauer's concept of the Will and Nature
Abstract
In the present paper, the epistemological foundations and ways that
Schopenhauer recognized the world as representation, the ontological basis that
postulates the existence of the will that rules the world of representation, and
the meanings of the natural phenomena in which the will is specifically
revealed are discussed. Although Schopenhauer's philosophy started from the
proposition that the world given in front us is the world of representation
prescribed by the principle of sufficient reason, the fundamental question of his
philosophy was to seek the essence of the will, the ontological basis of the
world of representation. The will as he considered was a pre-existing thing
prior to human consciousness, out of human cognition formed from wisdom
and rationality, and therefore could not be an object of cognition. The
consideration in Schopenhauer's philosophy that the will is a super ordinate
concept to human cognition resulted in devaluation of human rationality. This
criticized the optimistic world view at the time that natural science could be
developed by human rationality and human enlightenment could be achieved
through the evolution of learning, which further raised a need for a newphilosophical interpretation on the essence of human and the world.
The present paper is summarized as follows. First, Schopenhauer presented
drawbacks of the epistemology discussed in traditional philosophy with
considering the world as representation. Subjective cognition considers the
world as representation, where the world of representation is given as an
objective with regard to subjective cognition. Subjective cognition defines
objects, that is representations, in various ways through the four classes of
principles given to itself such as becoming, knowing, being, and willing. With
emphasizing wisdom, Schopenhauer suggested the process of defining the world
as representation from the epistemological point of view in which wisdom
plays a leading role using the principles of sufficient reason. He also
emphasized that the principle should not be applied between subjective
cognition and objectives, that is subjectives and representaions, but only among
representaions. Otherwise, we may fall into dogmatic idealism or materialism
in interpreting the world.
Secondly, Schopenhauer argued that the world is recognized not as the
representation but as the will. Because the world recognized by the principle
of sufficient reason is only possible when we are considered just as a subject
of cognition, he emphasized that the internal foundation of the world of
representation never can be explained in that way. Therefore, he defined
human not only as the mere subject of cognition who uses wisdom but also
as a being who expresses one's desire and feelings via physical behavior. His
way of interpreting human makes it possible for us to understand the world
not just as the world of representation recognized by the principle of sufficient
reason but the world itself, that is the world of the will. According to his
philosophy, a variety of actions that occur in our body result from
objectification of the will, an essence of all beings. Schopenhauer presented
ontological properties of the will through the medium of body and provedthat the world we experience is totally originated from the objectification of
the will. He discerned through the medium of body that the will is never
dependent on the principle of sufficient reason, because the physical behavior
is caused by the action of the will, and wisdom and rationality can work via
activity of the brain, a part of our body. Therefore, the action of wisdom that
uses the principle of sufficient reason cannot be recognized but is only
subordinate to the will. In other words, the world of the will is not
reasonable that is not recognized by the principle of sufficient reason.
Finally, Schopenhauer developed his consideration on nature on the basis of
his theory that internal essence of the world of representation in epistemology
is the will. The world of nature being subject to the will, which means that
the will presents itself to nature, forms the world that we experience through
the course of objectification as the will itself is individualized in various ways.
All objects in the world of nature are the products of manifestation of the
will. In this regard, Schopenhauer recognized that all the objects that are
subject to the will have the same ontological root with different degrees in the
course of objectification. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the will, human is
not a superior object who dominates the world but a mere object that is one
of the comprising elements of the world in the course of objectification.
Author(s)
이진영
Issued Date
2014
Awarded Date
2015. 2
Type
Dissertation
URI
http://dcoll.jejunu.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000006979
Alternative Author(s)
Lee, Jin Young
Department
대학원 철학과
Table Of Contents
1장 서론 1
2장 표상으로서의 세계 4
1. 표상의 세계와 충분근거율 4
2. 관념론과 유물론 비판 11
3. 인식과 두뇌작용 16
3장 의지로서의 세계 23
1. 의지와 신체의 관계 23
2. 의지와 충분근거율 28
3. 의지와 의식작용 34
4장 자연에서의 의지 41
1. 의지의 객관화와 자연현상 41
2. 의지의 개체화와 이념 47
3. 자연에서의 합목적성 53
5장 결론 59
참고문헌 62
Abstract 65
Degree
Master
Publisher
제주대학교 대학원
Citation
이진영. (2014). 쇼펜하우어의 의지개념과 자연 연구
Appears in Collections:
General Graduate School > Philosophy
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