제주 철새의 흡혈절지동물과 매개 전염성 질병

Abstract

Jeju island is an important location for migratory birds and for the long-term monitoring of related trends. Out of 384 bird species recorded in Jeju, 135 species are migratory birds having different life cycle strategies from those on the mainland of Korea. I have surveyed the blood-sucking arthropods and their mediated diseases from migratory birds in Jeju island. The blood-sucking arthropods (tick and louse flies) were collected and identified from rescued and captured migratory birds (2010.01~2012.12). The DNA was extracted from blood-sucking arthropods of migratory birds. From 74 migratory birds in 17 avian species, 313 ticks representing two genera and six species were collected: Haemaphysalis flava (nymph: 105N, larva: 121L), H. longicornis (one adult female, 5N, 6L), H. formosensis (14N), H. concinna (4N), Ixodes turdus (38N and 16L), and I. nipponensis (3N). Dominant ticks were H. flava (72.2%) and Ixodes turdus (17.3%), and Pale Thrushes (Turdus pallidus, 39 birds) and Scaly Thrushes (Zoothera aurea, 11 birds) were the most important hosts. Nymphs of H. formosensis, a new tick species to Korea, were collected from four thrushes: Scaly Thrush (10N), Siberian Thrush (Z. sibirica, 2N), Eye-browed Thrush (T. obscurus, 1N), and Pale Thrush (1N). H. longicornis occupied 3.8% of total ticks collected in this study, while the species was the most abundant and prevalent terrestrial tick on Jeju. From 9 migratory birds in 9 avian species, 10 louse flies of 4 species were collected: Ornithomya avicularia aobatonis(6), Ornithopila metallica(2), Ornithoica momiyamai(1) and Icosta ardae ardae(1). In total, 313 ticks of 6 different species including the previously unreported 1 species and 10 louse flies of 4 species were collected from migratory birds on Jeju. Most of the migratory birds have blood-sucking arthropods that were infected with the Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp.. These finding suggest that various arthropod-borne diseases (Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp.) are able to transmitted from migratory birds to domestic animal and humans by tick and louse flies. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor and control programs for the disease surveillance and to prevent tick release from dead birds into local fauna by reducing migratory birds mortality.