개발적 리더십, 팔로워 역량, 맥락수행의 관계와 선제적 커뮤니케이션 행동의 매개효과

Abstract

In the research area of leadership, the relationships between leaders and followers are called hierarchy, it is involved with the quality of relations among them. In the leadership, the role of leaders get highlighted than the importance of followers. However, researchers in the followership have a different perspective of the role between leaders and followers, they argued that followers are regarded as a key factor so as to achieve organizational goals. In addition, with regard to followership, some of researchers insist in that the relation of leadership and followership are not related with each other. Whereas, others argue that leadership and followership are interacted and both of them are enable to make inter-supplement together. In the present research, the approach of the author is interaction between them, and is related with that a sort of leadership is enable to develop follower competency. As a result, in the interactional viewpoint, it is important for followership research to find out a proper leadership style, which enhance follower competence and well account for followership. In this paper, it advances understanding of mechanism on development of follower competency between developmental leadership, proactive communication behaviors, and contextual performance. This research model is aimed to examine the mechanism of follower competency in organizations comprehensively. In leadership research, a few of scholars are interested in the concept of developmental leadership on how leaders develop their follower's ability. In the present study, developmental leadership describes on the process how it affects follower job performance empirically. In addition, one of issues in recent organizational studies are proactive behavior, but because the concept is dealt with comprehensively, proactive behavior is needed to classify in detail. So, in the research, proactive behavior focus on communication behaviored by follower. This approach vastly implicates on communication perspective to organizations which highlight the strong hierarchy. In accordance with the research model, developmental leadership is independent variable, outcome variables are consisted of follower competency, proactive communication behavior, contextual performance. In addition, follower competency and proactive communication behavior are regarded as a core mediator between developmental leadership and contextual performance.

◁그림삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요.)

The data which was applied to analysis collected from 688 employee's who have worked for hotel, banks, government owned companies, and manufacturing companies. The questionnaire was designed to specifically assess through self-report elements to all variables, self-report instrument is able to bring about common method bias. With regard to common method bias, the questionnaire consist of two parts; part 1 which can measure developmental leadership and proactive communication behaviors, part 2 which is able to measure follower competency and contextual performance, with time interval of a day, so as to reduce the contextual effect. The designed model for the current research was analyzed with SPSS package and program of AMOS for the different purposes. SPSS carried out the reliability of measurement scale and frequency of democratic characteristics. Except for these, most of analysis conducted with structural equation modeling such as comparison of structural equation models to seek for the best model, path model to test hypothesis, mediating effects and indirect effects through bootstrapping. This researcher conducted to prove 6 hypotheses comprehensively. First, developmental leadership will be positively related to follower competency. Second, follower competency will have a positive effect to proactive communication behaviors(feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior). Third, proactive communication behaviors(feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior) will be associated with contextual performance positively. Fourth, follower competency will mediate the links between developmental leadership and proactive communication behaviors(feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior). Fifth, proactive communication behaviors(feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior) will mediate the relationships between developmental leadership and contextual performance. Sixth, proactive communication behaviors(feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior) will mediate the relationships between follower competency and contextual performance. The results are as follows. First, in the comparison of research model, the both direct path between developmental leadership to proactive communication behaviors(feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior), and follower competency to contextual performance are added after demonstration of the best model with comparison to alternative models. As a result, all hypotheses tested in that model. The main effects of developmental leadership on follower competency were statistically supported as expected. Second, the impacts of follower competency to feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior were positively significant. Third, proactive communication behaviors(feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior) has different impact to contextual performance. feedback seeking behavior has no effect to contextual performance significantly, whereas, voice behavior was positively associated with contextual performance. Fourth, the mediating effects by follower competency was revealed statistically significant in the links between developmental leadership and feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior. Fifth, the mediation of feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior were partially supported in the link between developmental leadership→voice behavior→contextual performance. Sixth, there was no statistical significance in both paths; follower competency→feedback seeking behavior→contextual performance, follower competency→voice behavior→ contextual performance.

◁그림삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요.)

The implications of this study are as follows in academy and in practice. First, mechanism of developmental leadership to contextual performance was proved in the comprehensive perspective via follower competency and proactive communication behaviors(feedback seeking behavior and voice behavior). In the previous studies on developmental leadership, a few studies just tested the main effects of developmental leadership on organizational effectiveness, almost none examined the mechanism how developmental leadership affects contextual performance. As a result, this paper contribute to understand developmental leadership comprehensively and to facilitate studies for developmental leadership in leadership context. Second, in leadership context, the issue between leadership and followership was demonstrated. Such the results stress on that leadership and followership are interacted, it means that both concept is not inter-dependent but inter-supplement. In practice, the results of which developmental leadership improves follower competency require the importance for the environment which facilitate developmental leadership in order to enhance companies competitiveness.