공급사슬에서 기업경영활동 위험관리 방안에 관한 실증적 연구

Abstract

Due to the increase in uncertainty of corporate management activity by the competitive environment in the global era, rapid technological developments and the diversification of customer need, the risk within supply chain is becoming more diversified. These supply chain risks effects a lot of related corporate within the supply chain and they are considered as important factors that need to be managed. A Risk is occurred by a variety of complex and extensive cause. It is also occurred by the impact of internal operations as well as the external environment. The risk in corporate management activities results in catastrophic effect on corporate business at one affair such as foreign exchange crisis or the risk might be minor that it could be ignored. Thus, the long term or short term risk in distant future is difficult to predict its size and degree of effect until it actually occurs. The risk is actualized when it is practically encountered. Variety of risks can also inflict a loss with its uncertainty by always existing in corporate management activities. Corporate, within the supply chain, can't clearly predict any events to occur with its uncertain future, so the corporate management activities risk is always embedded. Various risks can be caused in most of the corporate over its management activities, and the possibility of compensation loss in material and human dimensions always exists among them. Therefore, recently a lot of corporate pursue the risk management strategies in order to prevent the loss. Supply chain contains specific risk that can occur precariously in the process of production, distribution and sales by the corporate, and the corporate loss can be aggravated if it is not managed in proper time. Therefore, a risk management that can systematically recognize, analyze and respond to the risk, is needed. Supply chain risk is made up of the environment and strategy of a corporate, characteristics of an industry and member of supply chain, which effect various part of a corporate. It can also improve the cognitive level of the risk and trust among the supply chain partners through risk management. For the management, relief, reduction and avertion of the supply chain risk, collaboration and cooperation with the supply chain partners are essential. This process also maximizes the created value and benefits. As the network connection was activated among the corporate within supply chain, the complexity level grew. Also, as the outsourcing was activated, the borders between the different countries are erased. Likewise, the supply chain risk management is standing out as the essential strategy in successful supply chain operation because of its globalization due to extension of the supply chain and frequently exposed risk due to the lengthening of the supply line. This research investigated the effects of corporate risk management, especially transaction type and innovation, on the firm performance. The diversification of risks, information sharing and learning are focused as important factors among the competition within supply chain, due to recent development in technology and the uncertainty in industry environment. The mode of transaction among corporate is making its transitions from the traditional mode of dedicated transaction to network transaction that can respond placidly to the sudden changes of environment, because the ability to create new knowledge and technology is considered not only as the core factor of competitiveness, but as the method to survival. It can be said that the mode of transaction among corporate in supply chain risk management should be drawing close attentions, not only in terms of social and structural network but internal perspective to external perspective. In addition, the innovation activities of corporate made it possible to earn the opportunity to acquire its competitiveness and produce profit by pursuing new products, technology, knowledge and experience. Furthermore, it is accessed as the core risk management factor in the survival of the corporate and securing the competitiveness by expanding, not only the existing technology, knowledge and experience by developing the products according to customers' needs, but the market channels as well. Therefore, this research attempted to access, structurally and relationally, in the risk management in internal dimensions of a corporate and the dimension of population ecology, which is recently attaching great importance. In the first phase of the research, a research model was suggested to prove the mediating effects of risk management strategy in the relationship between the risk factor of corporate management activity and the corporate outcome. First, a structure was established between the concepts of the precedence factors of the research such as the internal risk of a corporate, the risk of industry environment and the risk of trade relation. Also, in the previous research of the variables of corporate risk management strategy was reviewed to arrange the concept of risk management strategy. Second, the relationship between the risk factors of corporate management activities and the outcome of corporate, which is theoretically established, was empirically verified. Third, the variable of the type of business transaction and the fact that whether the innovation activity is done was set as the control variable, to verify the moderating effect among the variables. Forth, the mediating effect of risk management strategy was verified between the relationship of the outcome of corporate and the risk factor of corporate management activity according to main model, the type of business transaction and the fact that whether the innovation activity is done. Fifth, theoretical and practical implications were suggested about the relationship between the outcome of corporate and the risk factor of corporate management activity based on the result of the study. In the second phase of the research, the relationship between the corporate types and the outcome of a corporate was verified. First, the main structure analysis of a corporate was conducted with the social network analysis. Second, a comparison was made between groups that is classified by the connection level that is divided by suppliers and buyer of focal company. Third, a comparison was made between the outcome of corporate according to the type of transaction in the aspect of suppliers and buyer of focal company that is classified by an exclusive, minor and major transaction of qualified groups. Forth, theoretical and practical implications were suggested about the relationship between the outcome of a corporate and the transaction type of a corporate based on the result of the study. For the execution of this research, a research model was suggested based on the literature review and this model was verified and confirmed with a set of sample data. The approached method of the first phase of this research used data sets from the manufacturers that uses the supply chain management. The survey was conducted as a part of the panel survey of the productivity of the manufacturing industry conducted by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the Korea Productivity Center. To secure the reliability, each items were based on the literature reviews and the experts(professors) from each major of production management, business management and industrial engineering participated in making up the survey items. Structural equation model was used as the statistical analysis method for this research and SPSS 18.0/AMOS 20.0 were used as the analysis equipment. For the second phase of this research, 553 business channels and financial data from the corporate in Chungnam Province. Social network analysis and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. As a result of the analysis, the following theoretical implications could be made. First, a conceptual model was suggest to prove the relationship between the outcome of corporate and the risk factor of corporate management in supply chain through 3 different approaches made by risk management, transaction type and innovation. Second, the structural relationship between the outcome of a corporate and the risk management, which is categorized into two aspects of suppliers and buyers, was considered. Third, it was found that the effect of risk factor of corporate management activities on the outcome of a corporate is different according to the type of business transaction and the fact that whether the innovation activity is done. Forth, the centrality structural analysis was conducted through social network analysis to verify the comparison between the type of business transaction and the outcome of a corporate. The practical implication of this research is the fact that this research provided different results by the aspects of supplier and buyer of focal company, the type of transaction and the fact that whether the innovation activity is done. The particulars are as follows. First, there was a difference when the focal company acts as a supplier and buyer in the relationship between the risk factor of corporate management activities and the risk management strategy. When the focal company acts as a supplier, with the conditions of main model, having transactions with several unspecified partners and with no innovation activity, industrial environment risk had positive effects on risk management strategy. However, when the focal company acts as a buyer, industrial environment risk did not have any effects on risk management strategy except with the conditions of single or minor transaction(negative effects). Also, when the focal company acts in both supplier's and buyer's aspect, the internal risk of a corporate and trade connection risk(both supplier and buyer) had negative effects on the risk management strategy. Therefore, when the focal company acts as a supplier, it performs very sensitively to react. Second, there was a difference in two aspects(supplier's risk and buyer's risk) in the relationship between the risk factor of corporate management activities and the outcome of a corporate. When the focal company acts as a supplier, the buyer's risk had positive effects on customer satisfaction management, with the conditions of main model, single transaction and no innovation activities. On the other hand, when the focal company acts as a buyer, the supplier's risk had negative effects on quality performance(main model, minor transaction with several unspecified partners by the market characteristics and some innovation activities), cost performance(minor transaction by the market characteristics) and purchase performance(main model, minor transaction by the market characteristics, minor transaction by the management strategy, some innovation activities and no innovation activities). This research hypothesized that the risk factor will have negative effects on performance, but as the results showed only the partial mediating effects were verified. It was analyzed that having major transaction had greater positive effects on risk management or performance than minor transactions. With a sudden changes in technology and industrial environment domestically, more of the network transactions are executed rather than the traditional exclusive transaction. As it was found in literature review, it is difficult to say which is superior between the traditional exclusive transaction and network transaction, with their own pros and cons. However, more opened network transaction has shown more of pros. Actually, since 2000, the information and technology industry has been showing the increase in trend of outsourcing and external financing. It was also analyzed that with the conditions of no innovation activities by the aspect of both supplier and buyer, in the relationship of the risk factor of corporate management activities and the outcome of a corporate, had positive effects on risk management strategy and the outcome of a corporate. When the sample data was analyzed, those companies with some kind of innovation activities were conducted with internal ability and it is shown that exploration innovation, which consumes a lot of time and cost, was conducted. Thus, the results from this research is possibly a result from the short-term performance. Therefore, in sum, the exploration innovation strategy is a method to satisfy the needs of future consumer which allows the corporate to create new profit and development. On the other hand, exploitation innovation strategy is a method to acquire profit in a short time that expands market channel as well as the corporate's existing knowledge, technology and experience to satisfy the needs of existing consumers. However, this research faces four limitations. First, the 3 different approaches to this research have different sample data. Second, this research was limited to only manufactures. Third, when the values from the type of transactions were used in this research, it was limited to the relationship of sales and purchase among the corporate.