국내 배경지역 미세먼지의 화학조성 및 배출특성: 2013~2015년 측정

Abstract

The PM10 and PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected at Gosan site of Jeju Island, which is one of the background site of Korea, during 2013-2015. Their ionic and elemental species were analyzed, in order to examine the chemical composition and emission characteristics in accordance with the different meteorological phenomena. The mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 36.0 and 15.0 μg/m3, respectively. From the comparison of ion balance, the correlation coefficients(r) between the sums of cationic equivalent concentrations and anionic equivalent concentrations were 0.985 and 0.992, respectively, for PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols, indicating a good correlations. In PM10 aerosols, the concentrations of secondary pollutants such as nss-SO4 2-, NO3 -, and NH4 + were 5.35, 2.95 and 2.22 μg/m3, respectively. In PM2.5 aerosols, their concentrations were 4.25, 0.87, and 1.84 μg/m3, respectively, showing 90.2% of those ionic species. Meanwhile, the elemental compositions of PM10 aerosols showed 58.1% for marine (Na, Mg), 33.5% for soil (Al, Fe, Ca), and 1.0% for anthropogenic (Zn, Pb, Ni), and they were 46.0%, 35.8%, 2.6%, respectively, for PM2.5 aerosols. Based on the study of size-fractionated particle compositions, the PM2.5/PM10 concentration ratios of nss-SO4 2 and NH4 + were 0.8, 0.8, respectively, indicating that those species were mostly existed in PM2.5 aerosols. On the other hand, marine and soil species such as Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, and nss-Ca2+ were rich in PM10 aerosols. From the study of source origins by factor analysis, the ionic species of PM10 aerosols were mostly originated from marine sources, followed by anthropogenic, soil, and plant sources. On the other hand, the compositions of PM2.5 aerosols were influenced mainly by anthropogenic sources, followed by marine, plant, and soil sources. During Asian dust periods, the concentrations of nss-Ca2+ and NO3 - were increased highly as 7.2 and 4.5 times in PM10 aerosols, and 3.4 and 5.3 times in PM2.5 aerosols, respectively, compared to non-event days. Especially, the concentrations of the crustal species such as Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mn, Ba, and Sr showed a noticeable increase during the Asian dust periods. For the haze events days, the concentrations of the secondary pollutants increased 2.7～4.0 and 2.7～7.0 times in PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols, respectively. Meanwhile, those for the mist event days were 1.2～2.0 and 0.9～2.1 times higher, respectively, in PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols, compared to non-event days.