온도변화에 따른 배추와 마늘의 생육 반응

Abstract

Global temperature is rising because of climate change. Change of temperature affects plants' growth and character. In Korea, Chinese cabbage and garlic are essential ingredients for Korean food. In This study investigated effects of temperature on Chinese cabbage and garlic. The objective of the first study was to determine optimal cropping season of 'Chunkwang' Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage was planted in a step-by-step temperature differences facility (temperature gradient chamber) and set to A, B, C. Sixty-four days after planting, harvest cabbage was harvested and growth was measured to investigate effects of temperature with Growing Degree Day(GDD). The objective of the second study was to investigate optimal temperature of garlic and develop a bulb weight model. Garlic planted in chambers set to 11/7℃, 14/10℃, 17/12℃, 20/15℃, 23/18℃, 28/23℃(16/8h). We investigated growth and built three growth estimate models. To verify models, examination data was applied. Examination was cultivated in a temperature gradient chamber. A temperature gradient chamber was designed as a step-by-step temperature differences facility. We divided chamber area low to high temperatures and set to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Results of the first study revealed each experiment part had different accumulation GDD. Cabbage fresh weight was significant but leaf area, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width were not significant. Fresh weight was heaviest in the first cropping periods B, C and second cropping period A. The first cultivation period A had bolting cabbage and second cultivate period C, third cultivation period A B C had rot. This issue was inferenced by temperature. Analyzing fresh weight and GDD, fresh weight increased before GDD 587℃ and decreased after 729℃. Build moderate cultivation period equation with experiment date and GDD. Equation calculate highest yield of 17,834.4 kg/10a and optimal GDD was 635℃. Set 90 percent of highest yield to moderate growing season and it was GDD 549-738℃. To verify model, we investigate GDD of chief producing districts Haenam's and Teabak's cropping seasons. Haenam was 581.4-711.8℃, Taebak was 619.5-727.9℃. As a result, optimal cultivation period GDD was 549-738℃ and equations may be useful to set cultivation periods. Results of the second study revealed heaviest bulb weight was in the 20/15℃ chamber. Leaf number and area grew slowly in low temperature but were the same at other temperatures except 28/23℃. Build three function with bulb weight and temperature. Function calculate optimum temperature was 18-20℃, minimum growth temperature was 7.1℃ and upper temperature threshold was 31.7℃. To estimate yield, fresh bulb growth rate models were developed with divided fresh bulb weight by cultivated day and temperature. To verify models, examination data was applied. Examination was cultivated in temperature gradient chamber. A temperature gradient chamber is a step-by-step temperature differences facility. We divided chamber area low to high temperature and set to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Lineal model, quadric model, and logistic distribution model revealed 79.0-95.0 percent, 77.2-92.3 percent and 85.0-95.8 percent accuracy, respectively. As a result, the logistic distribution model has the highest accuracy and viability for explaining moderate temperature, minimum growth temperature and upper temperature thresholds.

본 연구는 난지형 마늘 '남도'의 적정 생육 온도 구명과 일 평균온도를 이용한 구중 예측을 위하여 수행되었다. 온도처리는 주간 16시간 야간 8시간 처리로 11/7℃, 14/10℃, 17/12℃, 20/15℃, 23/18℃, 28/23℃ 로 설정하였다. 구의 생체중과 건물중은 20℃/15℃ 처리구에서 가장 높았으며 고온이나 저온으로 갈수록 감소하였다. 엽수와 총엽면적은 저온인 처리구가 고온처리구보다 생장이 느렸으나, 최종적으로는 최고온도인28/23℃을 제외하고 유사한 경향을 보였다. 구의 생체중으로 6종의 함수를 개발하였으며 이를 통해 '남도' 마늘의 적정 생육온도와 한계온도, 온도에 따른 구생장량을 확인할 수 있었다. 분석 결과 '남도' 마늘의 적정 생육온도는 18~20℃이며 GDD 기본온도와 한계온도는 7.1℃와 31.7℃로 추정할 수 있었다. 일 평균온도를 이용한 수확기 기준 구생체중 모델을 검증하기 위하여 온도구배터널의 기상자료를 이용하여 예측하였다. 선형함수를 이용한 예측은 79.0~95.0%, 2차 함수를 이용한 예측은 77.2~92.3%, 로지스틱분포 함수를 이용한 예측은 80.0~95.8% 예측도를 보였다. 이중 가장 예측력이 좋은 함수는 로지스틱분포 함수이며 생육적정온도와 한계온도 도 잘 표현하였다.