2016년 봄철 제주도 고산지역 대기 에어로졸의 기상현상별 화학조성

Abstract

PM_10 and PM_2.5 fine particulate matter samples were collected at Gosan Site of Jeju Island, which is one of the background sites of Korea, in spring, 2016. Their ionic and elemental species were analyzed in order to examine the variation of chemical compositions in relation to the different meteorological conditions. Mass concentrations of PM_10 and PM_2.5 were 30.1±13.9 and 14.4±5.0 μg/m3, respectively, during the non-event days. Concentrations of the secondary air pollutants such as nss-SO_4_2_-, NO_3_-, and NH_4_+ were 6.61, 2.99, 2.57 μg/m3 for PM_10, and 5.71, 0.62, 2.20 μg/m3 for PM_2.5, respectively. The composition ratios of anthropogenic (Zn, Pb, Ni), soil (Al, Fe, Ca) and marine (Na, Mg) sources occupied 1.2%, 46.5% and 41.2% in PM10 and 4.4%, 39.0%, 32.6% in PM_2.5, respectively. From the study of chemical composition according to the particle sizes, nss-SO_4_2_- and NH_4_+ were existed mainly in PM_2.5 fine particulate matter. On the other hand, NO_3_-, Na_+, Cl_- and nss-Ca_2_+ were rich in PM_10. During the Asian dust periods, the concentrations of nss-Ca_2_+ and NO_3_- increased highly as 6.9 and 2.9 times in PM_10, and 5.8 and 1.8 times in PM_2.5, respectively, compared to non-event days. Especially, the concentrations of the crustal species such as Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mn, Ba, and Sr showed a noticeable increase during the Asian dust periods. For the haze days, concentrations of the secondary air pollutants were increased 2.5∼3.0 and 0.4∼2.2 times in PM_10 and PM_2.5, respectively. Furthermore, the remarkable increase of NO_3_- concentration was observed in PM_2.5 during haze events. Concentrations of the secondary pollutants during the mist event days were 1.1∼1.2 and 2.3∼2.7 times, respectively, in PM_10 and PM_2.5 aerosols, compared to non-event days. The neutralization factors by ammonia were 0.74, 0.67, 0.83, 0.69, respectively, for non-events, Asian dust, haze, and mist days in PM_10, besides they were 0.93, 0.87, 0.91, 0.90, respectively, in PM_2.5. Meanwhile, those by calcium carbonate were 0.16, 0.22, 0.07, 0.18 in PM_10, and 0.04, 0.06, 0.02, 0.05 in PM_2.5, respectively. From the study of source origins by the principal component analysis, the PM_10 and PM_2.5 ionic species in spring were mostly originated from anthropogenic source, and followed next by marine and soil sources.