조선시대 上尊號의 정치·의례적 기능 연구

Abstract

The new era of the Joseon Dynasty began on the basis of ideology of Confucianism. Joseon was managed by the order of Seongrihak(性理), neo-confucianism, which was the ideological 學 base of kings and government officials who led the Joseon Dynasty. One of the primary features was Myeongbunron(名分論), justification, which defined the statue and role of individuals. Especially in the case of names after king's death, the names were for clarifying the justification of the power of the country and the royal family according to the order of Seongrihak(性理學), neo-confucianism and showing off the legitimacy of the long history of Joseon Dynasty. Jonho(尊號) was a name for praising king and queen's virtuous achievement. When there was something to congratulate the previous king or queen for the first time, Jonho was dedicated to them. After their death, it was called Chusangjonho(追上尊號) to dedicate Jonho. King's Jonho was usually consist of 4 or 8 Chinese characters and queen's Jonho was 2 Chinese characters. Whiho(徽號) was a kind of Jonho which was dedicated to a queen with Sangsiho(上諡號) after queen's death. When Jonho was dedicated to kings and queens, there was respectful ceremony to offer Ockbo(玉寶) on which Jonho was inscribed and Ockchaek(玉冊) which was consist of Ockgan(玉簡) on which Songdeokmun(頌德文) was carved. Studies of Jonho which was for paying reverence to kings are generally about analysis of Jonho itself which was offered to kings in Joseon dynasty and the ceremony to dedicate Jonho. However, there is a lack of the study about the ecumenic role of Jonho and the explanation about the change of Jonho with examining the discussion to dedicate Jonho. As Jonho was offered when there were big political changes, some ceremonial occasions and the cases of praising virtuous achievement, it was closely related with the change of royal authority. In Joseon Dynasty, Jonho was used to express the justification of royal authority, so Kings consistently accepted Jonho to use it as a important means of expressing king's power even though they sometimes refused Jonho for a reason of Gyeomdeok(謙德), thevirtue of modesty. This study is to stereotype the role of Sangjonho in detail and find out the role of Jonho in realistic politic by specific examples. First, offering Jonho to previous king was for strengthening of royal authority. Because of the development of Seongrihak, the right of succession was succeeded not only by the bloodline but also by adopted son as the legitimacy of Wicha(位次), the order of rank, was secured. A successor to the throne tried to make sure of the legitimacy of the regime by offering Jonho to his real father or adoptive father. In this process, Kings derived an agreement about the power with the discussion of offering Jonho. Second, offering Jonho used to rectify a political vacuum resulted from domestic political chaos, resolving postwar situation, etc. In this case, offering Jonho meant the end of an affair. Third, Jonho was dedicated to establish the order of rank of a queen, Wangdaebi(王大妃), king's mother, and Daewangdaebi(大王大妃), king's grandmother. As a successor to the throne who was adopted son and a king who died at an early age had increased, there were much more women in the high rank of royal family. Jonho was used to classify the rank of these women in royal family. Fourth, Jonho was dedicated when there was a happy occasion or an virtuous achievement. Especially, in the case that kings and queens lived a long life, Jonho was dedicated to kings and queens to celebrate their longevity. When a queen lived a long life, the queen became Daewangdaebi(大王大妃), king's grandmother, and received a lot of Jonho. Finally, Jonho became the names of manners. At first, kings ususally refused to receive Jonho for a reason of Gyeomdeok(謙德), the virtue of modesty. However after the period of Yeongjo reign, Jonho became the names of manners and was offered too frequently. So Jonho had less meaningful and only ritualistic ceremony was left. This study classifies the types of Sangjonho and finds out the political role of Jonho by examining many specific examples. Still there is a lot of need to analyze political situation at that time and the role of Jonho in realistic politic with the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and many historical records.