섬 관광목적지의 질적성장 평가지표 개발 연구

Abstract

With steep growth of public tourism, critical awareness of local residents on the negative impact on the tourism destinations at economic, socio-cultural, and environmental view is increasing. Therefore, it is very important to strategically manage negative influence on tourism impact while maximizing its positive influence on the region, thereby implementing and managing paradigm for qualitative growth of tourism to ensure sustainable tourism. To set a vision for qualitative growth of tourism and strategically manage them, the development precise measuring tool for building policy making, implementation, evaluation on qualitative growth is needed. The purpose of this study is to critically summarize studies on qualitative growth of tourist destination and reorganize the concept tool for that to draw qualitative growth indicator. The study strives to suggest tourism strategy and policy implication for island tourist destination by developing evaluation indicator for the qualitative growth of Jeju as a tourist destination that can be universally appiled and sorting out priorities among evaluation indicators. To identify qualitative growth indicator of island tourism destination, preliminary researches were reviewed to draw 7 areas and 180 items for developing evaluation indicator. Through 1st expert interview and focused reviews, 7 large items, 22 middle items, 83 items were selected as final evaluation index. After 2nd expert interview, AHP analysis was conducted. AHP analysis result are summarized as follows. First, it analyzed relative importance among large items (higher categories) and the result showed that the quality of tourism economy came first, with quality of tourism infrastructure, tourism policy, tourism experience, tourism marketing, tourism resources came after that. Second, relative importance among middle category(middle class) showed that tourism attractions, traffics, restaurant․ food, accommodations was ranked as important in terms of the quality of tourism infrastructure. In case of tourism policy, tourism investment, tourism planning, tourism management was emphasized. The importance of the quality of human resources in tourism sector showed high rate of tourism administrators, human resources level, tourism-supporting human resources. In the quality of tourism economy, especially, quality of tourism demand, tourism industry, tourism growth was highly emphasized and the important factor for tourism was average stay day of tourist destination, annual number of tourists, sustainability of tourism economy, and job creation level in tourism industry, respectively. In terms of quality of tourism experience, attractiveness of resources, importance was high in oder of the quality of tourism activity, satisfaction was highly emphasized while marketing activity, marketing personnel, marketing organization were highly important in quality of tourism marketing. Major categories which is highly important was annual maketing budget volume, efficiency of executing marketing plan, professionalism of marketing personnel. Finally, in terms of quality of life of local residents, living life, cultural governance, social walfare was highly recognized, respectively. Third, priority factor of 83 items revealed that items at tourism economy was mainly important such as average number of stay data, number of flight routes, annual number of tourists, exact tourism statistics, sustainability of tourism economy, overall satisfaction of Jeju tourism, job creation of tourism industry, per capita spending. From the theoretical and policy aspects, the implications of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the theoretical implications is an effort to establish the theoretical concept of qualitative growth of tourism. Secondly, Delphi survey was conducted to present the priority of the evaluation model for qualitative growth and evaluation index of Jeju area as an island tourist destination. Third, it is significant that the assessment index related to the qualitative growth of the tourism destination reflecting the quality of life items as well as the spatial property and the demand of the region unlike the previous studies. Fourth, this study showed that demand side and tourism infrastructure based on tourist spending, number of stay, diversification of tourism market, are relatively important. Fifth, the study suggested indicators of the impact of tourism on the region from the viewpoint of the whole stakeholders by including the area of study which were not reflected or missed in previous studies. The results of this study suggest following policy implications in terms of utilization and management of indicators. First, it is feasible to utilize qualitative growth of island tourism destination as basic data to objectively diagnose on the status of regional tourism from the aspect of many stakeholders. Second, it can be utilized as a foundation for setting policy goals for promoting Jeju tourism policy. It can be said that the indicators presented in this study can be utilized as objective data for setting development policy goal of regional tourism to establish policy goals and draw tourism strategy. Third, it is clear that the standard of planning, execution, evaluation standard of related policies by suggesting aforementioned practical concept to carry out strategy of qualitatative growth of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Fourth, implementation of effective governance is needed to achieve the desired goal of qualitative growth of tourism in Jeju. In order to solve the structural problem of tourism, a wide range of stakeholders who are directly or indirectly related to tourism, such as environment, residence, garbage and traffic, not just focusing on local governments and tourism industry to agree on the vision and goal of tourism development. It is required to establish governance system, which is related to efficient mibilization of resources, active participation of related parties, and allocation of roles of the parties involved. Fifth, Jeju is facing a series of challenges to make a qualitative growth of tourism by overcoming issues involved with various shareholders since Jeju is highly dependent on natural environment. In order to address these issues and to achieve the qualitative growth of tourism, it is imperative to solve the problem of tourism growth by constructing a more equally-shared structure to reach out to the local residents as well as grant the role of participation and decision-making, which only confined to expert groups. To this end, it is necessary to increase the desire and transparency of the decision-making process by promoting the participation of local residents as stakeholders in decision-making process of the tourism policy. Therefore, it is appropriate to make tourism governance that draw consensus among stakeholders by taking a political concept on the qualitative growth of tourism rather than economic point of view.