한국 한자음과 베트남 한자음의 대조 연구 : 교육용 기초 한자 1,800 자를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to clarify the correspondence and disagreement between the sound of Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese through comparison of 1800 Sino-Korean character and Sino-Vietnamese characters. The role of vocabulary training of Korean is very important in order to enhance Korean language ability of Korean learners of foreigners. The Sino-Korean vocabulary is appeared so much in the book of teaching Korean language for foreigners. Especially, the curriculum is taught from level 2. In addition, it is difficult to learn Sino-Korean vocabulary. Most of the time, it takes a long time to learn Korean vocabulary when foreigners study Korean. However, if use Chinese as the basis, the Chinese or Japanese can easily learn Sino-Korean vocabulary. On the other hand, the sound of Sino-korean character are very similar with the sound Sino-Korean character. If you understand the agreement and disagreement between the sound of Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnam character and use it to learn Korean it will be easier to learn vocabulary for Korean learners of Vietnamese. With this in mind, this study examines the agreement and disagreement between Sino-Korean character and Sino-Vietnamese character, and suggests effective ways to acquire Korean language. This thesis is presented in five chapters. In the first chapter, we introduced the problems of this study, the purpose of the study, the subject of the study, the precedent study, the method and necessity of the study, and the composition of the discussion. In Chapter 2, Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese characters are compared with each other to show the agreement and disagreement between Sino-Korean character and Sino-Vietnamese characters. Converting Sino-Korean characters into Vietnamese character and the contents of this chapter are divided into three big sections. It is full agreement, partial agreement, and full disagreement. In this chapter, we show details of conversion of 1800 Sino-Korean characters. The full agreement of Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese are 289 characters, marked by '2ab, 3abc'. The consonants of the initial consonants are 15, which are 'g(ㄱ), n(ㄴ), d(ㄷ), l(ㄹ), m(ㅁ), b(ㅂ), s(ㅅ), ch(ㅈ), th(ㅌ), ph(ㅍ), h(ㅎ)'. The three characters 'h(ㅎ), g(ㄱ), d(ㄷ)' are the leading characters that play a leading role in the full agreement of Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnam characters. The vowel set of full agreement is 8 of 'a(ㅏ), o(ㅗ), u(ㅜ), eu(ㅡ), i(ㅣ), e(ㅔ), wa(ㅘ), wi(ㅟ)'. In 289 full agreement words between Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese, 'a(ㅏ), o(ㅗ), i(ㅣ)' is neutral which plays a leading role. The consonants act as initial consonants are five 'g(ㄱ), n(ㄴ), l(ㄹ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), ng(o)'. The perfect match without contraction, (ng)ㅇ, n(ㄴ)' is the most three consonants. The partial match has 1,110 characters and is divided into six. The initial match is '2a, 3a', the neutral match is '2b, 3b', the consonant correspondence is '3c', the initial and neutral matches are '3ab', the first and last consensus is '3ac', neutral and longitudinal match is indicated by '3bc'. The first match (2a, 3a) has 286 and 12 'g(ㄱ), n(ㄴ), d(ㄷ), l(ㄹ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), s(ㅅ), ng(ㅇ), j(w)'. 'g(ㄱ), h(ㅎ), l(ㄹ)' are consonants that play a leading role in the beginning of consensus. The discordant neutrality of '2a, 3a' is 15, which is 'yeo(ㅕ), ae(ㅐ), u(ㅜ), o(ㅗ), eo(ㅓ), yo(ㅛ), ye(ㅖ), yu(ㅠ), i(ㅣ), oe(ㅚ), ui(ㅢ), eu(ㅡ), e(ㅔ), we(ㅞ), wae(ㅙ)'. Consonants with inconsistent consonants of '2a, 3a' are three 'g(ㄱ), l(ㄹ), ng(ㅇ)'. The neutral match(2b, 3b) is 179 characters. The consonants of inconsistent initials of '2b, 3b' are 12, which are 'g(ㄱ), d(ㄷ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), (s)ㅅ, ss(ㅆ), ng(ㅇ), j(ㅈ), ch(ㅊ), th(ㅌ), p(ㅍ), h(ㅎ)'. The vowels to be neutral are 'a(ㅏ), o(ㅗ), wa(ㅘ), oe(ㅚ), wi(ㅟ), u(ㅜ), i(ㅣ), e(ㅔ)'. Consonants with inconsistent consonants are 'g(ㄱ), l(ㄹ), m(ㅁ)'. The consonant of Sino-Korean characters are 335 characters. The consonants with inconsistent consonants of '3c' are 'g(ㄱ), d(ㄷ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), s(ㅅ), ss(ㅆ), ng(ㅇ), j(ㅈ), ch(ㅊ), th(ㅌ), p(ㅍ), h(ㅎ)'. There are 13 vowel matched with neutrality. Which are 'a(ㅏ), e(ㅐ), ya(ㅑ), eo(ㅓ), yeo(ㅕ), u(ㅜ), yu(ㅠ), o(ㅗ), yo(ㅛ), eu(ㅡ), i(ㅣ), wa(ㅘ), wo(ㅝ)'. The consonants do match with consonants of '3c' are 'g(ㄱ), n(ㄴ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), ng(ㅇ)'. The agreements of initial consonants and medial(3ab) are 12 characters. The agreement of initial consonants are 'g(ㄱ), d(ㄷ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), s(ㅅ), ng(ㅇ), h(ㅎ)'이다. The vowel of medial agreements are 'a(ㅏ), o(ㅗ), i(ㅣ), oa(ㅘ)'. The consonants play the role the final consonant disagreement are 'g(ㄱ), l(ㄹ)'. The agreements of initial consonants and final consonants are 189 characters. The 11 agreement of initial consonants are 'g(ㄱ), n(ㄴ), d(ㄷ), l(ㄹ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), s(ㅅ), ng(ㅇ), j(ㅈ), p(ㅍ), h(ㅎ)'이다. The 11 agreements of medial are 'a(ㅏ), o(ㅓ), yo(ㅕ), o(ㅗ), wa(ㅘ), eu(ㅡ), i(ㅣ), ya(ㅑ), u(ㅜ), yu(ㅠ), yo(ㅛ)'이다. The 5 consonants of final consonant agreement are 'g(ㄱ), n(ㄴ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), ng(ㅇ)'. The agreement of medial and final consonants(3bc) are 109 characters. The 10 consonants play the role of initial consonants are 'g(ㄱ), d(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), s(ㅅ), ng(ㅇ), j(ㅈ), ch(ㅊ), th(ㅌ), ph(ㅍ), h(ㅎ)'. The vowels of agreement medial are 'a(ㅏ), o(ㅗ), u(ㅜ), eu(ㅡ), i(ㅣ), wa(ㅘ)'. The consonants play the role the final consonant agreements are 'g(ㄱ), n(ㄴ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), ng(ㅇ)'. The inconsistent Sino-Korean character (0) is 401 characters. The 11 inconsistencies in the initials consonants(0) are 'g(ㄱ), d(ㄷ), m(ㅁ), p(ㅂ), s(ㅅ), ng(ㅇ), j(ㅈ), ch(ㅊ), th(ㅌ), ph(ㅍ), h(ㅎ)'. The 19 medial discrepancies are 'o(ㅓ), u(ㅜ), e(ㅐ), yo(ㅕ), a(ㅏ), i(ㅣ), yu(ㅠ), ye(ㅖ), wi(ㅟ), ui(ㅢ), wa(ㅘ), yo(ㅛ), wi(ㅚ), e(ㅔ), ya(ㅑ), wo(ㅝ), we(ㅙ), we(ㅞ)'. The final consonant disagreement are 'g(ㄱ), l(ㄹ), ng(ㅇ)' and open syllable. Chapter 3 presents the differences and characteristics between Sino-Korean characters and Sino-Korean characters. The contents of this chapter are divided into 4 sections. In actual to the case of Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnam characters, the syllable system used in the Korean - Vietnamese alphabet is presented in the second chapter. The 'g(ㄱ)' is 278 times and is converted into 'gi, kh, h, c, nh, s, x, k, q, ng and g'. 'n(ㄴ)' is 24 times and converted to 'n'. 'd(ㄷ)' is 80 times and converted to 'đ, th, tr'. 'l(ㄹ)' is 97 times and converted to 'l'. 'm(ㅁ)' is 96 times and converted to 'm, d, v'. 'p(ㅂ)' is 134 times and converted into 'b, t, s, ph'. 's(ㅅ)' is 237 times and is converted to 's, x, t, th, tr, nh, and ch'. The 'ng(ㅇ)' primitive is 267 times and is converted to 'silent, ngh, nh, ng, d, v, l, h'. 'j(ㅈ)' is 228 times and is converted to 'ch, th, t, gi, tr, đ, x'. 'ch(ㅊ)' is 124 times and is converted into 'th, t, s, tr, x, đ, ch'. 'kh(ㅋ)' is 1 time and converted to 'kh'. 'th(ㅌ)' is 36 times and converted to 'th, đ, tr'. 'ph(ㅍ)' is 53 times and converted to 'ph, b, t'. 'h(ㅎ)' is 44 times and converted into 'h, nh, c, kh, ngh, x'. 's(ㅆ)' is 2 times and converted to 'th, s'. The medial 'a(ㅏ)' is 336 times and is converted to 'a, ươ, ư, ai, ă, o, i, y, ê, iê, â'. 'e(ㅐ)' is 92 times and converted to 'ai, ơi, a, ôi, i, ă, ê'. 'ya(ㅑ)' is 32 times and converted to 'a, ươ'. 'o(ㅓ)' is 178 times and converted to 'ư, i ê, i, a, â, ô, ê, uyê, yê, ưa'. 'e(ㅔ)' is 23 times and converted into 'ê, ây, uê, ư'. 'yo(ㅕ)' is 160 times and converted into 'i, a, iê, uyê, uy, oa, ê, ư, a'. 'ㅖ' is 32 times and converted into 'ê, ơi, uy, uê, uy, ai, ư'. 'o(ㅗ)' is 256 times and converted into 'ao, u, o, iê, uâ, ưu, ơ, uô, uyê, oă'. 'yo(ㅛ)' is 37 times and converted to 'ao, iêu, ô, yêu, u, o'. 'u(ㅜ)' is 216 times and converted into 'u, âu, ưu, uô, uâ, ê, uya, ô, o, â, ôi, uy'. 'yu(ㅠ)' is 67 times and is converted into 'uâ, u, iê, uy, ưu, oai, o, âu'. 'eu(ㅡ)' is 64 times and converted to 'ư, ă, i, â, iê'. 'i(ㅣ)' is 199 times and converted to 'i, y, ơi, â, a, ê, ai, ă, ư, iê, u'. 'wa(ㅘ)' is 54 times and converted to 'oa, a, uô'. 'we(ㅙ)' is 3 times and converted to 'ai, oat, oa'. 'ㅚ' is 22 times and converted into 'ôi, oai, uy, ai, ao, oa'. 'ㅝ' is 19 times and converted into 'uyê, iê, oa'. 'ㅞ' is 2 times and converted to 'uy'. 'wi(ㅟ)' is 21 times and is converted into 'uy, i, ê, y, u, ưu'. 'ui(ㅢ)' is 16 times and converted to 'i, y'. 'g(ㄱ)' acts as a final consonant is converted to 'c, ch' 204 times. 'n(ㄴ)' is 299 times and converted to 'n'. 'l(ㄹ)' is 85 times and converted to 't'. 'm(ㅁ)' is 77 times and converted to 'm'. 'p(ㅂ)' is 37 times and converted to 'p'. 'ng(ㅇ)' is 328 times and converted to 'nh, ng'. There were 770 Sino-Korean without consonants. Two main causes of the difference between the Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese are presented in detail. The discrepancy between Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnam characters is the difference between Korean and Vietnamese characters. The error patterns of Vietnamese Korean learner 's voice in Vietnamese learners presented the errors of initial consonants, medial, and final consonants. These errors are a frequent mistake of Vietnamese people. These problems make it possible to overcome mistakes when Vietnamese learners use Sino-Korean characters. The abbreviation of Sino-Korean words and Sino-Vietnamese word suggested to show the abbreviation of representative Sino-Korean word language. Vietnamese Korean learners are able to grasp the patterns of frequent Sino-Korean word. Chapter 4 is divided into 3 sections. In the actual practice of the Sino-Korean characters habits of Vietnamese learners, learning by application of Sino-Korean characters in language education, learning by application of Sino-Korean characters in everyday life, and assistance in finding meaning of Sino-Korean characters and Sino-Vietnamese characters were suggested. Chapter 5 is the conclusion. Here is a brief summary of the thesis. If Sino-Vietnamese and Sino-Korean learners perceive to which parts of the Sino-Korean character corresponds to when the Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese characters are perfectly matched or partially matched, it is possible to deduce the meaning of the Vietnamese learners even if they are a combination of Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnam characters. I borrowed the form of the dictionary of the Sino-Korean character which is the same part and the part which is different from the Sino-Vietnamese characters, and it is summarized as 『Sino-Korea and Sino-Vietnam 1800 character dictionary』. I think that learning will be easier if Vietnamese learners use it to learn Sino-Korean characters. If there is more time to study, what are the specific conversion rules of Sino-Korean characters and Sino-Vietnamese character? What will be converted into Vietnamese when initial consonants combine with medial? And what will be the combination of medial and final consonants? Which medial can be joined with which species? Etc 1800 students will study in more depth about Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese sounds. The students will study in more depth about 1800 Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese sounds. Seoul National University, Yonsei University, Sejong University, Kyunghee University, and many other international institutions have produced and published Korean textbooks for foreigners. The higher the number, the more difficult the contents of the textbooks. Because the amount of vocabulary that a learner has to learn increases with the increase of the number, the vocabulary comes to the learner with great burden. Most of the vocabularies in the third grade Sino-Korean textbooks are Sino-Korean characters, which makes it difficult for foreigners except Chinese. In Vietnam, there are many data on Sino-Korean, but most of the data on prefix, four characters idioms, and agreement the sound of Sino-Korean characters. I think these materials are helpful materials to help you learn Sin-Korean characters. And there are very few studies covering the 1800 Sino-Korean characters used in Korea. How many Sino-Korean characters do you have? How many are divided? On the 1800 Sino-Korean characters how many of the Sino-Korean characters agreement with the Sino-Vietnam character? How many disagreement and how can I memorize them? There are not many studies that can solve these inquiries. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, we compared Sino-Korean character and Sino-Vietnam characters. In addition, I hope that Vietnamese learners can learn Sino-Korean character quickly and easily through this thesis.