조건부시장가치평가법(CVM)을 활용한 세계자연유산 가치평가 연구

Abstract

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province registered World Natural Heritage let the world know the value of Jeju and receive recognition from the world by first designating UNESCO biosphere reserve in 2002, registering World Natural Heritage in 2007, and certifying global geopark in 2010. As this shows, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province based on the three awards of UNESCO showed continuous growth. Visitors to Jeju also go to Jeju to use various resources. However there are not sufficient researches on economic value felt about this tourism resources. Therefore this study push for world natural heritage which can be an issue among tourism resources owned by Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has high utilization value as ecology tourism resource, and it is hope that this study would contribute to coming up with policies for world natural heritage within Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. With UNESCO designating biosphere reserve, World Natural Heritage registration and global geopark registration, compared with the registration there are more visitors to Jeju and more visitors to the resources. In the past natural resources were emphasized for the property․legal value and ownership and management was valued. However, recently the concept of natural heritage includes this traditional value concept and public good resource concept which is comprehensive social value including citizen's participation. Up until now many scholars used CVM (Contingent Valuation Method) and conducted researches with great interest in economic convenience measurement of environment resources and public good resources such as natural resources. But there are insufficient researches on economic benefits of natural heritages. Therefore the recent international trend shows that transnational demand of international tourists is growing year by year. When the international tourists choose tour destination, heritage resources play as an important choice factor. Accordingly the importance of heritage resources is recognized again and the need for new researches on measures to turn natural resources into tourism resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to measure economic benefits of world natural heritage by utilizing CVM used a lot in measuring economic benefits of public goods such as natural resources. To that end, detailed research purpose was made like the following. First, total economic benefits regarding world natural heritage are assumed by dividing use value and non-use value. Second, decision factors affecting use value and non-use value of world natural heritage are found. Third, average WTP calculated from dichotomous CVM and direct question CVM is compared and analyzed, and reasonable value assumption model is suggested. Fourth, through assumption about use value and non-use value of world natural heritage policy implications regarding efficient preservation and management policy. For achieving the purpose of this study, existing literature materials and positive researches were conducted in parallel. As for literature materials, published books, theses and related data were used to examine the economic value evaluation of the recent heritage resources, and to evaluate the value of natural resources based on theoretical examination and recent research trend regarding CVM evaluation method. In addition, positive research divided use value and non-use value for measuring economic benefits of world natural resources and conducted surveys on Jeju residents and tourists. For the surveys, each world natural heritage was visited, and the surveys were conducted on those who directly experienced world natural heritage for four months from December 2017 to March 2018. Collected data went through frequency analysis and cross analysis through SPSS 18.0 program, LIMDEP program, econometrics statistical program was used to measure economic value of world natural heritage. For value assumption, Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice CVM was applied. Indirect utility function difference expressed in the responses of the surveys (   ) was used in logit model based on Maximum Likelihood Function for assuming parameter value. The entire use value of Hanra mountain, Seongsan Ilchulbong, Geomoonoreum, and lava cave was measured at 44.5 billion (44,549,517,593) won, and non-use value was 12.5 billion (12,593,971,607) won, suggesting the total value of world natural heritage at 57.1 billion (57,143,489,200) won. Based on the research results, for utilizing as sustainable tourism resources, average WTP values reflecting payment will of visitors was used for realistic entrance fee, and there is a need for efficient management policy of world natural heritage resources. Second, since administrative authorities until now fail to property recognize the importance of natural resources and prioritize artificial regional development, the investment for sustainable development compared with tourism advanced countries. This research's results found that the non-use value(preservation value) is 3.7 billion won of Hanra mountain, 3.4 billion won of Seongsan Ilchubong, and 5.4 billion won of Geomoonoreum, and lava cave per year. Now is the time for recognize the limitless value as tourism resources and the educational value to utilize world natural resources as the site for natural education through systematic management and preservation. In addition, based on value assumption of natural heritage resources, various policy implications such as budget allocation for preservation and management of natural heritage resources. As for the limitation of this research and the future challenges, first, there is a question whether world natural resources whose value is to be assumed would be conveyed clearly to respondents like market goods traded in market mechanism. For assuming use value this study addressed efficiency value earned through use of world natural resources as well as environment and heritage value provided by world natural resources. For non-use value assumption, through restoration and management of world natural resources, not only preservation of world natural heritage, but also improvement of tourism environment was set as subject good and many efforts were made to convey this clearly, but it is still unclear whether respondents accurately recognized the subject goods and responded. Therefore, research for recognition process is needed to convey to respondents more clearly public goods such as natural heritage whose value is to be assumed. Based on researches on recognition process, it is necessary to develop methodology to convey clearly public goods and to push for modeling based on recognition process in the payment will amount model, too. Second, measurement data about visitors to world natural heritage is insufficient. Therefore, the limitation is the failure to assume the use value of world natural resources through the use of more accurate visitor statistics by improving measurement method about visitors. Third, world natural heritage has sufficient national value as it is a world heritage designated by UNESCO. However, this research limit the non-use evaluation subjects to Jeju residents. If the non-use evaluation subjects are expanded to include the entire people in the future, the total economic value of world natural heritage would be higher than the results of this research. Fifth, as the fact that the value evaluation about the natural heritage in question was limited to the survey year when surveys were conducted was not revealed, the evaluation of survey respondents may be exaggerated for evaluation, and there is a need to state the value and related period in the future research. Lastly, there is a need for research to compare position and benefits about turning world natural heritage into tourism resources depending on each class in consideration of characteristics of social class and income class. In addition, this research assumed the value on local people, but in the future, there is a need for researches on foreign tourists to compare differences when local people and foreigners assume values.