중학생의 가족건강성이 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향 : 성별에 따른 자아탄력성의 매개효과

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to verify mediation effect of ego resilience under the circumstances that family healthiness of middle school students affects adjustment of their school life. A questionnaire method was applied for this study toward students in four middle schools, equally located at each direction in Jeju self-governing province. Although the total collected data equalled to 485 copies, the final relevant data of 462 was analyzed for this study due to the existence of 23 copies assumed as non or insincere response. In order to measure adjustment of school life, the middle-and-high schoolers targeting revised scales by Lee, Kyu-Won(2017) was employed. The scales were originally developed by Lim, Jeong-Soon(1993), and later revised and supplemented by You, Yoon-Hee(1994) and Lee, Kyu-Won(2017), respectively. For the purpose of measuring family healthiness, the adolescent-targeting revised scales by Yoon, Se-Eun(2000) was also applied, whose original version was developed by Eo, Eun-Joo⋅You, Yeong-Joo(1995). The scales of ego resilience developed for adolescence by Joo, So-Yeong⋅Lee, Yang-Hee(2011) was applied in order to measure ego resilience. The collected data was processed through SPSS 23.00. In order to check out the overall characteristics of the data, descriptive statistics analysis was applied. Correlation analysis was employed for identifying correlation between the each variable. In order to identify mediation effect of ego resilience on the relationship that family healthiness affects adjustment of school life, three-step regression analysis was conducted. The Sobel test was also employed for testing the significance of mediation effect. The summarized research results are as follows. First, it was verified that family healthiness of middle schoolers, who are in their adolescence period in terms of growth stage, has significant and positive relationship with ego resilience. Second, it was verified that family healthiness of middle schoolers has significant and positive relationship with adjustment of school life. Third, it was verified that the ego resilience of middle schoolers has mediation effect on the relationship between family healthiness and adjustment of school life. Fourth, it was verified that in case of male students ego resilience functions as complete mediation under the circumstances that family healthiness affects adjustment of school life. Fifth, it was verified that in case of female students ego resilience functions as partial mediation under the circumstances that family healthiness affects adjustment of school life. The synthesized research results verify that family healthiness and ego resilience of middle school students affect adjustment of their school life in a direct way. Additionally, it was verified that the mediation effect of ego resilience was disclosed differently with respect to sex. This result suggests that it is necessary to address issues of school life adjustment in a differentiated and tailored way according to gender. Furthermore, as for adolescents suffering from school adjustment, it is practically helpful to develop various counselling programs designed to enhance family healthiness and ego resilience rather than those focusing on their personal scope.

본 연구의 목적은 중학생들을 대상으로 가족건강성이 학교생활적응에 미치는 과정에서 자아탄력성의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 제주지역에 소재한 북쪽 1교, 남쪽 1교, 서쪽 1교, 동쪽 1교 총 4개의 중학교에 재학 중인 중학생을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 총 485부가 회수 되었고, 이중 무응답 또는 불성실하게 응답한 23부를 제외한 462부를 분석에 사용하였다. 측정도구는 학교생활 적응을 측정하기 위해 임정순(1993) 제작한 것을 유윤희(1994)가 중⋅고등학생용으로 수정⋅보완하고 이규원(2017)이 수정한 척도를 사용하였다. 가족건강성 척도를 측정하기 위해 어은주와 유영주(1995)가 제작한 것을 윤세은(2000)이 청소년을 대상으로 수정한 척도를 사용하였으며, 자아탄력성을 측정하기 위해서는 주소영과 이양희(2011)가 개발한 청소년용 자아탄력성 척도를 사용하였다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS 23.00을 사용하여 분석하였다. 전반적인 자료의 특성을 알아보기 위해 기술통계분석을 실시하였고, 각 인간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 상관분석을 실시하였다. 또한 가족건강성이 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향에서 자아탄력성이 매개역할을 하는지를 검증하기 위해 3단계 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 매개효과의 통계적 유의성을 검증하기 위해 Sobel Test를 실시하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년기에 해당하는 중학생의 가족건강성은 자아탄력성에 유의한 정적인 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중학생의 가족건강성은 학교생활적응에 유의한 정적인 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중학생의 자아탄력성은 가족건강성과 학교생활적응 간의 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 남자의 경우 가족건강성은 자아탄력성을 매개로 학교생활적응에 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 여자의 경우 가족건강성은 자아탄력성을 매개로 학교생활적응에 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 결과를 종합해 보면 중학생 시기에 가족건강성과 자아탄력성은 학교생활적응에 직접적으로 영향을 미친다는 것을 입증하였다. 그리고 중학생의 남⋅여 성별에 따라 자아탄력성의 매개효과가 다르다는 것을 확인했다. 이에 남⋅여 성별에 따라 학교생활적응의 차이를 인정하고 성별에 따른 맞춤식 학교생활적응 개입이 필요하다. 또한 학교생활 잘 적응하지 못하는 부적응 문제를 안고 있는 청소년들에게는 개인적 상담 보다는 가족적인 접근을 통해 가족건강성을 높이고 자아탄력성을 향상시킬 수 있는 다양한 프로그램의 실시가 학교생활적응을 돕는데 중요한 요인이라 할 수 있다.