제주지역 성인여성의 체형인식 유형에 따른 체중조절 및 식품섭취실태 조사

Abstract

본 연구는 제주지역 성인 여성들의 체형인식 유형과 체중조절 실태, 식습관, 식품섭취 실태를 조사하여 체형인식 유형에 따른 체중조절 실태에 대한 차이와 식품섭취 실태를 분석하고자 하였다. 제주지역 19-59세 성인여성을 대상으로 2017년 6월 10일 부터 2017년 12월 03일까지 전문영양사에 의한 일대일 대면조사를 실시하여 회수된 설문지 중 최종적으로 357부를 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 조사된 자료는 SPSS Win 21.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석 하였으며, 조사 내용별 분석방법은 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-test, ANOVA (Duncan)를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음에 제시하였다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 일반사항 중 연령은 40-49세 (35.9%), 19-29세 (22.4%), 50-59세 (21.3%), 30-39세 (20.4%)였으며, 거주 지역은 제주시 66.4%, 서귀포시 33.6%로 나타났다. 교육수준은 4년제 대학 (42.0%)이 많았으며, 결혼유무는 기혼 (69.2%)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 조사대상자의 체질량지수는 연령이 높아질수록 높아졌고, 그에 따른 비만도는 정상 (54.3%), 비만 (40.3%), 저체중 (5.3%)순으로 나타났다 (p<0.001). 주관적 체형 인식은 '비만인편이다 (49.0%)', '보통이다 (43.1%)', '마른편이다 (7.5%)' 순으로 나타나 비만도는 '정상'이 높음에도 불구하고 주관적 체형인식은 '비만인편이다'가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 조사대상자의 체형인식 유형에 따른 체중조절 유형 조사 결과 체형과소인식 군은 '체중증가 및 노력없음'이 56.8%로 가장 높았고, 체형정상인식군은 '체중감소'가 53.8%로 높았고, 체형과대인식군은 '체중감소'가 75.9%로 높았다 (p<0.001). 모든 체형인식 유형에서 운동보다 식단조절의 비율이 높았으며, 체형과대인식군은 특히 식단조절 (35.5%), 결식 및 단식 (22.7%), 운동 (20.9%), 약 복용 (14.5%), 기타 (6.4%) 순으로 나타나 운동보다 결식 및 단식의 비율이 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). 넷째, 조사대상자 영양교육 경험 유무 조사 결과 연령이 높을수록 영양교육 경험이 낮았고 (p<0.05), 교육 수준에서 고등학교 이하가 5.7%로 비교적 낮은 수치를 보였다 (p<0.01). 체형인식 유형에 따른 영양교육 경험 유무를 분석한 결과 체형과대인식군은 17.2%, 체형정상인식군은 15.3%, 체형과소인식군은 5.4%로 나타났다. 다섯째, 체형과대인식군의 아침 식사 빈도 조사 결과 '거의 안한다' 응답한 군에서 43.1%로 비율이 높았고, 가정조리 음식 섭취빈도 분석 결과 하루 1회 이상 비율이 56.9%로 다른 체형인식 유형에 비해 낮았고, 음식점 외식섭취빈도는 주 3회 이상이 37.9%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 여섯째, 체형인식 유형에 따른 식품군별 섭취빈도를 분석해 본 결과 과자류의 섭취 빈도는 체형과소인식군 일주일에 0.86회, 체형정상인식군 일주일에 0.69회, 체형과대인식군 은 1.07회로 체형과대인식군의 과자류 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). 음료류 섭취빈도의 경우 체형정상인식군의 섭취빈도가 일주일에 2.83회로 체형과소인식군은 2.09회, 체형과대인식군은 일주일에 2.44회로 체형정상인식군의 음료류 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 제주지역 성인여성 중 비만도가 정상임에도 불 구하고 자신의 체형을 과대하게 인식하고 있는 대상자들은 체중조절을 다양한 형태로 시도하고 있었으나, 섭취하는 식품 선택에 대한 관리는 이루어지고 있지 않았다. 이에 여성들의 올바른 체형인식 확립을 확립시키고, 균형 잡힌 식품섭취와 운동을 병행한 체중조절의 중요성을 인식시킬 수 있는 영양교육이 이루어져야 할 것이며, 학교뿐만 아니라 보건소, 지역사회에서 영양교육 프로그램을 개발 및 활성화 시키는 것이 중요할 것이라고 사료된다.

The study aims to investigate types of body image perception, weight control, diet, and food intake of adult women in Jeju and analyze differences in weight control and food intake by types of body image perception. We conducted a one-to-one, face-to-face survey on adult women in Jeju from June 10, 2017 to December 3, 2017 and used 357 questionnaires among the retrieved samples as the investigating materials. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi-square test, t-test, and ANOVA, using the SPSS Win Program (version 21.0). The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the ages of the respondents were 40-49 years old (35.9%), 19-29 years old (22.4%), 50-59 years old (21.3%), and 30-39 years old (20.4%), 66.4% of whom were in Jeju city and 33.6% in Seogwipo city. 'Four-year university' was highest at 42.0% in education level and 'married' at 69.2% in marital status. Second, the body mass index of respondents increased with age, and the obesity rate results were: normal (54.3%), obese (40.3%), and underweight (5.3%), respectively(p<0.001). The subjective perception of body image was in order of 'obese' (49.0%), 'normal' (43.1%) and 'skinny' (7.5%). Despite the highest level of respondents being classified as 'normal' in the obesity rate, 'obese' was the highest in the subjective perception of body image. Third, the results of the survey on the weight control type by body image perception type revealed the following. In the group that perceived their body image as underweight, 'weight gain and no effort' was highest at 56.8 %, 'weight loss' 53.8 % in the group that perceived their body image as normal, and 'weight loss' 75.9% in the group that perceived their body image as overweight(p<0.001). Among all body image perception types, diet control rate was higher than exercise rate. In particular, the group that perceived their body image as overweight preferred skipping a meal or fasting to exercise in the order of diet control (35.5%), skipping a meal or fasting (22.7%), exercise (20.9%), medication intake (14.5%) and others (6.4%) (p<0.01). Fourth, the outcome of whether respondents have experience of nutrition education or not suggests that the higher the age, the lower the experience of nutrition education for the respondents(p<0.05). In the category of education level, having a high-school diploma or lower was 5.7%, which was relatively low (p<0.01). According to the analysis of nutrition education experience correlated with the type of body image they perceive, 17.2% of the group that perceived their body image as overweight have nutrition education experience, 15.3% of the group that perceived their body image as normal, and 5.4% of the group that perceived their body image as underweight. Fifth, the analysis of the frequency of breakfast consumption in the group that perceived their body image as overweight showed that 43.1% of the respondents said 'barely have breakfast, and the frequency analysis of home cooked food intake found that 'more than once a day' was 56.9%, which was lower than the other types of body image perception and 'three times a week' was the highest at 37.9% in the frequency of eating out. Sixth, according to the analysis of the intake frequency per food group by the type of body image perception, in the frequency of snacks consumption the group that perceived their body image as underweight was 0.86 times a week, the group that perceived their body image as normal 0.69 times, and the group that perceived their body image as overweight 1.07 times, which was the highest, respectively (p<0.01). In the frequency of beverage consumption, the group that perceived their body image as normal was highest at 2.83 times a week, the group that perceived their body image as underweight was 2.09 times, and the group that perceived their body image as overweight 2.44 times (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that although the degree of obesity is normal among adult women in Jeju, those who are overly aware of their body image as overweight have attempted to control their weight while there is no control over the choice of food they consume. Therefore, nutrition education should be implemented to establish the right body image perception for women and to recognize the importance of balanced weight control of food consumption and exercise. Also, it is important to develop and implement nutrition education programs in schools, as well as in public health centers and communities.