하이데거의 니체해석에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to study Heidegger's interpretation of Nietzsche, especially on nihilism and subjectivity. Heidegger interprets the problem of nihilism as a matter of value in Nietzsche philosophy, and thinks that the issue of value comes from the will to power. The characteristics of Heidegger's interpretation is that the problem of nihilism is discussed in relation to subjectivity. Heidegger analyzes the concept of value after confirming that Nietzsche understands Nihilism as a historical movement, that is, the collapse process of the highest value. Heidegger interprets Nietzsche's core idea, which is inherent in the notion of value, as 'the will to power', and interprets the will to power as 'being'. However, Heidegger thinks that the will to power as the being of beings is pushing the 'I think' which Descartes has laid on the foundation, to the extreme of Western traditional metaphysics. In this sense, Heidegger defines Nietzsche's thought as 'the metaphysics of the subjectivity of the will to power'. However, the interpretation of Heidegger is different from Nietzsche's intention. Nietzsche, through criticism of Descartes, has expressed a negative attitude about the subject. He criticizes Descartes' cogito proposition and says that the concept of Ego is illusion. As a result, Nietzsche presents the body concept as an alternative to overcome the subject concept. However, Heidegger thinks that Nietzsche misunderstands the cogito proposition. Heidegger interprets the cogito proposition as a fundamental proposition or principle, not reasoning like what Nietzsche interpreted. He thinks that Nietzsche misunderstands the cogito proposition because he accepted the achievements of modern philosophy beyond all doubt. In Heidegger's view, Nietzsche's body is nothing but a different name for the subject. Heidegger's interpretation is that the metaphysics of the will to power of Nietzsche is within the realm of modern philosophy as metaphysics of subjectivity. Thus, Heidegger estimates that Nietzsche can not overcome nihilism. Heidegger diagnoses that traditional metaphysics is in the history of the oblivion of being because he thinks this is the essential state of nihilism. In Heidegger's view, the overcoming of Nihilism is possible when we think of being. Especially, he thinks that we can overcome nihilism when we experiences being itself through experience of Nothing[Nichts]. Therefore, Heidegger discusses the issue of Nothing through the question of 'what is metaphysics'. Through these discussions, we will be able to understand Nietzsche and Heidegger in greater depth.