Retrospective Study of Fracture treatment of Rescued raptors in Chungnam province

Abstract

This retrospective study was conducted on 1,238 raptors that were admitted to the Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center from January 2014 to December 2018. The results depending on the medical treatment and the types of the analysis in accordance with the cause of distress were analyzed on the basis of the basic data concerning the rescued bird of prey. Among the rescued raptors, about 450 individuals were diagnosed with fracture and dislocation. The diagnosis was recorded on electronic medical record. The causes of the distress, fracture locations and fracture types were analyzed and the analysis of the treatment results were also carried out. The fracture and dislocation state, surgery and treatment, the union period of fracture site and treatment outcome were analyzed for 249 raptors. Depending on the survey about the cause of the distress, the electrical wire and the collision to buildings had 453 individuals (36.6%). The analysis of diagnosis results showed 450 individuals (36.3%) with fracture and dislocation. According to the result after the treatment, 690 individuals (55.7%) among the total 1,238 individuals were able to return to nature. The rescued raptors in the Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center were 2 orders, 3 families, 18 species and 1,238 individuals. The species registered as a natural monument were 14 species and 1,120 individuals (90.5%), and the endangered species were 11 species and 536 individuals (43.3%). The highest number of 344 individuals among the rescued raptors was Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), a natural monument. During the five years of the investigation, 276 raptors (22.3%) of a high order in quantity of the rescued were occupied in the year of 2015. The high order by seasons according to quantity of the rescued 503 individuals (40.7%) appeared in the summer with breeding season. The individuals rescued in Asan-si among the city and the county of Chungnam province were 224 individuals (18.1%) with the highest ratio according to the regional rescue survey. The raptors that were diagnosed as a fracture and dislocation were 450 individuals. The Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) happened to have 99 individuals (22%) that were diagnosed with a fracture and dislocation. A highest number of Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) individuals were diagnosed with the fracture and dislocation. The 99 individuals (22%) of the Common kestrel among the 450 individuals were diagnosed with a fracture and dislocation. The collision with the building or the electrical wire was the cause of the 286 cases (69.8%) of the fracture and dislocation of the rescued raptors. Among the 701 cases on the fracture and dislocation from 450 raptors, the fracture on the wings had the highest number by 405 cases (57.8%). The 151 cases (40.8%) of the rescued raptors that had fractured and dislocated humerus were the highest rate. Depending on the results of the clinical category on the fractured raptors, the raptors that corresponded to the critical clinical category 4 occurred the most by 204 cases (45.3%). Based on the results of the rescued individuals with fracture, the number of euthanasia individuals were the 199 cases (44.2%). There are 450 raptors that were diagnosed with fracture and dislocation. 201 raptors were unable to give a medical treatment; 73 raptors (47.1%) of the 201 raptors were unable to treat due to damaged nerves. The 249 raptors that were treated were analyzed in groups by the location, type, clinical score, and the outcome of the surgery and treatment of the fracture and dislocation. The method of Tie-in Fixator (TIF), which was used to treat the raptors with a fracture on the humerus, and the instrument of Intramedullary (IM) pin for radius and the figure of eight bandage for curing coracoid were mostly used. The analysis of the time that was taken to remove the pins or to union the fracture after the treatment. The results of the analysis revealed that the tarsometatarsus needed the longest time by taking 25.7(±2.5) days for the union of the fractured bone. Meanwhile, the furcular was the fastest union of the fractured bone by taking 10.7(±3.2) days. The results of the fracture treatment of 249 raptors were confirmed that there were 139 raptors (55.8%) that returned to nature. However, there were 58 raptors (23.3%) that died during the treatment. There were 44 raptors (17.7%) for euthanasia and there were 8 raptors (3.2%) that became permanently disable that they could not be released to nature or their status was still continuing with the process of the treatment. The clinical status average score according to the results of the treatment of the fracture sites were as follows; there were 2.12 score that returned to nature, 2.72 score that died during the treatment and 3.30 score for euthanasia. In other words, the lower the clinical score of the fracture condition, it was more likely that the raptors were able to return to nature. Therefore, the clinical score of fracture condition before treatment can be used as an indirect indicator to determine the prognosis of a fractured raptor.

본 연구는 2014년 1월부터 2018년 12월까지(5년간) 충남야생동물 구조 센터에 접수된 맹금류 1,238개체를 대상으로 초기 진료 기록을 바탕으로 조난 원인에 따 른 유형 분석 및 초기 진단과 치료에 따른 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 그리고 골절 로 진단된 450개체에 대한 조난 원인과 골절 유형에 대해 분석하였으며 골절 치 료가 가능한 249개체에 대한 수술방법, 치료법과 치료에 따른 결과를 분석하였다 최근 5년동안 충남 야생동물 구조 센터로 구조된 맹금류는 2목 3과 18종 1,238 개체였으며, 천연기념물로 등록된 종은 14종 1,120개체(90.5%), 멸종위기종은 11 종 536개체(43.3%)였다. 구조된 개체 중 가장 많은 비중을 차지한 종은 천연기념 물로 등록된 황조롱이로 344개체(27.8%)였다. 연구 조사기간인 5년 중 2015년에 276개체(22.3%)로 가장 많은 맹금류가 구조되었으며, 4계절 중 번식기가 포함된 여름철 구조 비율이 503개체(40.7%)로 가장 높았다. 충남 지역 중 아산시가 224 개체(18.1%)로 가장 많이 구조된 지역이었다. 맹금류의 다양한 조난 원인에서 전 선 또는 건물과의 충돌이 453개체(36.6%)로 가장 많았으며, 진단 결과에서 골절 및 탈구가 450개체(36.3%)로 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 치료 결과 자연복귀는 전체 1,238개체 중 690개체(55.7%)로 나타났다. 골절 및 탈구로 진단된 450개체 중 가장 많이 발생된 개체는 황조롱이로 99개 체(22.0%)였으며, 골절 및 탈구의 발생원인 중에서는 건물/전선과의 충돌이 286개 체(69.8%)로 가장 많이 확인되었다. 그리고 450개체에서 701개의 골절 및 탈구가 확인되었으며, 날개 부분의 골절 및 탈구가 405개(57.8%)로 가장 많은 것으로 나 타났다. 그 중 상완골에서 151개(40.8%)로 가장 많았다. 골절로 진단된 개체에 대 한 임상적 범주 분석 결과에서는 임상적 범주 4에 해당하는 개체가 204개체 (45.3%)로 가장 많았다. 골절 개체 450개체에서 안락사 개체수는 199개체(44.2%) 였다. 골절로 진단된 450개체 중 치료가 불가능한 개체는 201개체였으며 그중 73개체 (47.1%)가 신경손상으로 인하여 치료가 불가능하였다. 치료가 가능한 249개체에 대하여 골절 및 탈구 위치, 골절 유형, 임상 평가 점수, 골절 수술 및 치료방법, 골절 유합 시간, 치료 결과 등을 분석한 결과, 상완골 수술에는 TIF, 요골 수술에 는 IM pin, 오훼골 골절 치료에는 8자 포대를 사용하는 치료 방법이 가장 많이 사용되었다. 골절 치료 개체의 핀 제거 또는 유합할 때까지 걸리는 기간에서 부 척골은 25.7(±2.5)일로 가장 많은 시간이 필요했으며, 쇄골이 10.7(±3.2)로 가장 빨 리 유합되는 것을 확인하였다. 골절 치료 결과 249개체 중 139개체(55.8%)가 자 연으로 복귀했으며 58개체(23.3%)는 치료 중 폐사, 44개체(17.7%)는 치료 중 또는 치료가 끝난 후 자연으로 복귀가 불가능하다고 판단하여 안락사, 8개체(3.2%)는 치료 중이거나 자연복귀가 불가능한 영구 장애로 나타났다. 골절 부위 치료 결과에 따른 임상적 상태 점수를 분석한 결과 자연복귀시킨 개 체의 경우 2.12점, 폐사되는 경우 2.72점, 안락사되는 경우는 3.38점으로 나타났 다. 즉, 구조되어 온 조류의 골절상태에 대한 임상적 점수가 낮을수록 자연으로 복귀될 수 있는 가능성이 높았다. 따라서 치료 전 골절상태의 임상 점수는 골절 개체의 예후를 판단하는데 유용한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.