제주도 읍·면 지역 고등학교의 평면 및 외부공간 구성에 관한 연구

Abstract

South Korea has experienced the rapid population migration to cities since the 1990s which has led to the aging of towns and villages. Furthermore, the concentration of population in urban cities has resulted in the decline of the number of high school students in Eup·Myeon(town and villages) areas of Jeju, affecting the school environment and the school's facilities and manifesting as various social problems. The decline in the number of high school students in the Eup·Myeon areas of Jeju is considered severe and has caused problems such as the composition of the school's educational programs and the educational gap between schools. While the efforts to solve these problems exist, most schools face many limitations and difficulties in the problem-solving process due to the limitations of using existing facilities that need to build an environment. In contrast to the urban schools that provide comfortable learning spaces through various planar and external spaces, Eup·Myeon areas have a uniform and monotonous composition and are unable to fulfill their role as the living space of students. In this context, in order to respond to the social needs and problems caused by the decline of schooling age population, this study has selected high schools in Eup·Myeon areas of Jeju where the decrease ratio of students is clearly visible. The selected schools were examined and analyzed for the characteristics of each area according to the selected school's planar composition and the external spatial composition of depending on the teacher's layout type. An improvement plan based on the results is proposed in the study in order to provide basic data to help the school's environmental construction when designing or remodeling school facilities in the future is proposed. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Planar Space Composition of High School First, the learning area was distributed by a floor which reduces the operational efficiency of the school classes. Support areas were divided into grades and floors, making it effective for student support and management. Common area locations were not specified and varied in size. Other areas were placed adjacent to the learning area to improve accessibility. Second, of the area distribution according to the school area, the highest learning area was 44% of Seongsan High School, the highest support area was 21% of Daejeong Girls' High School, the highest common area was 11% of Sehwa High School, and the highest other areas were 45% of Aewol High School. Third, the distance between learning area and support area was 30m in Daejeong Girls' High School, the distance between support area and common area was 29m in Hamdeok High School, and the distance between interface and learning area was 37m in Seongsan High School. The maximum moving distance between learning area and support area was 66m for Aewol High School, the moving distance between support area and common areas was 76m for Hanlim High School, and the moving distance between the common area and learning area was 65m for Aewol High School. Fourth, for the allocation type by area, the most common type was the support area, the other area, and the learning area as the mixed type, and for the common area, the most common type was concentrated type. Fifth, the planar map of the main building according to the layout type by area was analyzed as the highest in Aewol High School with 100 points and the lowest in Seongsan High School with 63.3 points. The planar map of the annex had a low distribution from 50 to 60 points. 2) External Space Composition of High School First, due to the characteristics of Eup·Myeon areas of Jeju which has historical, regional, and environmental impacts of small villages, the distribution of old residential facilities, farmland, and agricultural warehouses in the vicinity of the school made the school environment poor. Second, the layout type of the school that was surveyed were was-3 schools in straight ('ㅡ' type), 2 schools were 'ㄱ' type, 1 school each had 'U' type, 'H' type and mixed type. Third, the average green area ratio of the school surveyed was 23.0%, and the average number of outdoor facilities were 2.38 sports facilities, 0.88 assembly facilities, 8.88 green facilities, and 2.38 outdoor parking facilities. Fourth, the comprehensive analysis of the composition of the external space showed that the arrangement type with the highest point was 'U' type with 141 points and the external space was appropriately planned. For straight type which had the lowest points, the external space layout was simple and uniform, requiring a new space composition and layout plan through systematic management and system improvement. Lastly, while the diversity of facilities of high schools in the Eup·Myeon areas of Jeju is being enhanced according to the characteristics of the area where the school is located, the planar composition is not systematic and sporadic, and it is difficult to educate students due to the variations among the areas efficiently. In addition, the outdoor facilities are sporadically distributed by the unspecified external space composition, and the fact that the facilities are already built limits the further environmental change of the specific facilities.