중·미 무역 마찰의 영향 및 대응 방안에 대한 연구

Abstract

Since the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations, their bilateral relations have been developing rapidly and their bilateral trade has been growing steadily. Both countries have complemented each other's advantages for mutual benefits in terms of their cooperation depth and width. The statistics showed that since 2018, China has been the third largest market and the first country of origin for America and America has been the largest goods export market and the sixth largest country importing Chinese goods. However, since 2018, America has repeatedly provoked trade disputes against China, imposed tariffs on goods imported from China and implemented technical blockade on China, which severely hit China-US bilateral trade relations. According to the analysis of many papers and reports on Sino-US trade frictions as well as trade friction cases, this paper finds out current situations, featured and reasons of Sino-US trade frictions. Among all reasons for Sino-US trade frictions, this paper considers that the unbalanced trade dependence between America and China is the main reason for Sino-US trade frictions. Analyses of trade dependency ratio and market dependence of goods trade scale, the interdependence of goods trade structures, the interdependence of FDI field as well as the interdependence of financial fields show that the asymmetric dependence of Sino-US trade is featured by their quantitative imbalances on the one hand, such as the China's huge trade surplus in American trade in goods and China's large holdings of U.S. treasury bonds. On the other hand, it is reflected in the qualitative imbalance, which is the unequal status of America and China in their economic and trade exchanges. Because of its dominant positions, America tend to force China to make more interest concessions. This paper will analyze asymmetric dependency relationships of Sino-US economic and trade relations in the fields of goods trade, direct foreign investment, finance and other fields. After that, from the standpoint of China, this paper analyzes reasons for trade frictions and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for China's foreign trade frictions in terms of Sino-US negotiation, trade openness as well as China's trade reforms. Researches on this paper show that there are deep reasons for frequent trade frictions between China and America. America is hostile to China and industry associations of China's enterprises also have related responsibilities. Therefore, this paper puts forward such following countermeasures as strengthening the negotiations between China and America, expanding China's trade openness and carrying out reforms of China's domestic trade structures so as to promote the steady and sustained development of bilateral trades between China and America.