블록 주기화(Block Periodization) 프로그램이 엘리트 수영 선수들의 체력 및 경기력에 미치는 영향

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether block periodization (BP) program for 8 weeks might improve physical fitness and swimming performance in elite swimmers. The participants in this study consisted of 30 high school swimmers with 50m and 100m as the main events, and they were classified into three groups: BP training group with 1 week intervals (BP-1, n=10), BP training group with 2-weeks intervals (BP-2, n=10) and traditional training group (TP, n=10). In study I, we analyzed basic physical fitness including muscle strength, muscle endurance, power and agility, and special physical fitness including isokinetic knee strength and anaerobic functions after BP-1 training program. Study II suggested differences of swimming record and performance according to a tapering period (0～14 days) after three types of training program. The results obtained in this study were as follows; First, BP-1 training group significantly increased muscle strength, muscle endurance, power and agility compared to those in TP training group Second, BP-1 training group significantly improved isokinetic knee strength at 60°/sec as well as enhanced peak and average power in Wingate test compared to those in TP training group. Third, BP-2 training group showed significant difference of swim bench and vertical kick performance compared to those in TP and BP-1 training groups Fourth, BP-2 training group significantly improved 15m swimming record than TP and BP-1 training groups Fifth, BP-1 training group significantly reduced swimming record in only the 15m and BP-2 training group significantly decreased the 50m and 100m swimming record following 14-day tapers compared to those in TP training group. Sixth, Both BP-1 and BP-2 training groups showed the fastest swimming record in the 50 m freestyle at 5-day tapers compared to TP training group. Seventh, BP-1 training group showed the fastest swimming record in 100m freestyle at 12-day tapers, and BP-2 training group showed the fastest swimming record in 100m freestyle at 7-day tapers. Taken together, these findings suggested new evidence that BP training program not only might positively influence physical fitness and swimming record but also would be needed to youth swimming sprinter for athletic performance.