제주방언의 음운론적 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to research about synchronic phonology of Jeju dialect targeting the language of elderly speakers at Namwon-eup area. There have been quantitative and qualitative great accomplishment based on transformational generative grammar theory during past 40 years in sub-dialects in Korean. However, the discussion and study result targeting Jeju dialect among them are almost none. In this regard, the necessity of this study is strengthened. Namwon-eup area judged as showing typical characteristic of Jeju dialect is settled as study location for this study, recorded the voice of elderly native more than 80 years old in this area, settled the underlying form of stem by surface shape analysis of researched data based on general linguistic study method of dialect, and observed the phonological phenomena showing on morpheme boundary. Phoneme inventory of Jeju dialect is determined in Chapter 2. 20 consonant sounds(ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅍ, ㄷ, ㄸ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ, ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ, ㅎ, ㆆ, ㅁ, ㄴ, ㅇ, ㄹ), 9 monophthong(ㅣ, ㅔ, ㅐ, ㅡ, ㅓ, ㅏ, ㅜ, ㅗ, ㆍ), 2 semivowel(y, w) and 12 diphthong(ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅕ, ㅑ, ㅠ, ㅛ, ᅟᆢ, ㅟ, ㅞ, ㅙ, ㅝ, ㅘ) are confirmed in Jeju dialect. The underlying form of noun stem and predicate stem of Jeju dialect based on the setting standard and condition of underlying form are determined in Chapter 3. There is only singular underlying form in noun stem of Jeju dialect. It is confirmed that the stems finished with 'ㄷ', 'ㅊ', 'ㅋ' and 'ㄲ' are all reconstructed and not existed in Jeju dialect. Stems had stem-final consonant such as 'ㅄ, ㄺ, ㄼ, ㄽ' etc. in previous period are all restructured, and the noun stem finished with 'ㄱㅆ' and 'ㄻ' are only observed and possible to suggest the list. It is confirmed that the case finished with 'ㅣ, ㅔ, ㅐ, ㅡ, ㅓ, ㅏ, ㅜ, ㅗ, ㆍ' type among the noun stem finished with monophthong. 'y' class diphthong 'ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅛ, ㅠ' type and 'w' class diphthong 'ㅘ, ㅟ, ㅞ' type are observed in the noun stem finished with diphthong, and described that 'y' class diphthong 'ㅖ, ㅒ' type and 'w' class diphthong 'ㅙ, ㅞ' type are not existed. Both singular and plural underlying form are settled in predicate stem in this dialect. There are 11 pieces of predicate stem finished with consonant as 'ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ and ㆆ'. It is confirmed that the predicate stem finished with 'ㅋ', 'ㅍ', 'ㄲ', 'ㅆ', 'ㄶ', 'ㅄ', 'ㄾ', 'ㄿ' and 'ㅀ' are all restructured. Also, only 'ㄺ, ㄻ' and 'ㄼ' type is confirmed as predicate stem finished with consonant group in this dialect. 'ㅣ, ㅔ, ㅐ, ㅡ, ㅏ, ㅜ' and 'ㅗ' type is observed as the underlying form of predicate stem finished with vowel. The predicate stem finished with vowel 'ㅓ' and 'ㆍ' is not confirmed in this dialect. 'ㅟ, ㅞ, ㅕ' and 'ㅠ' type is shown in the predicate stem finished with diphthong. /Xㅂ-~X우-/, /Xㅂ-~X오-~X우-/ type and /Xㄷ-~X르-/, /X르-~Xㄹ르-/, /허-~헤-/, etc. are correspond to plural underlying form among predicate stem. These all different in the realization in front of vowel ending, so it is suggested that the appearance environment is divided as 'in front of consonant ending, epenthesis vowel ending and nasal sound ending' and 'in front of vowel ending'. The phonological phenomena shown in Jeju dialect based on the contents discussed in Chapter 3 is described in Chapter 4. The phonological phenomena in synchronic perspective is shown at the morpheme boundary. So, it is divided as phonological phenomena related with consonant and vowel confirmed at the morpheme boundary. There are phonological phenomena as Non-plosive consonantalization, glottalization, nasalization, velarization, consonant group simplification, liquid deletion, guttural sound deletion, duplicate consonant deletion, aspirated, etc. related with consonant, and vowel rounding, high vowel fronting, semi-vocalization, 'ㅏ' deletion, 'ㅡ' deletion, 'ㅜ' deletion, semi vowel deletion, semi vowel addition in phonological phenomena related with vowel. Necessary phonological phenomena among them are non-plosive consonantalization, strong sound after non-plosive consonantalization, nasalization, consonant group simplification, liquid deletion, guttural sound deletion, aspirated, 'ㅏ' deletion, 'ㅡ' deletion and 'ㅜ' deletion, and others are all optional phonological phenomena.