RAW264.7 대식세포에서 파파야 및 오크라 추출물의 면역활성 증진 효과

Abstract

The recent global spread of COVID-19 has resulted in high levels of morbidity and mortality. Since then, as it has been found that lowering immunity affects the spread of COVID-19, the importance of immunity is getting more attention. Therefore, many researchers are developing natural products that have an excellent effect on regulating the immune function of the body or strengthening the immune system. In this study, papaya leaf water extract (PLW) and okra leaf water extract (OLW) were found to significantly increase the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by upregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, respectively. Additionally, PLW and OLW increased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, PLW and OLW activated the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results indicate that PLW and OLW increased the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the JNK, p38 and ERK pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages, thus demonstrating immunomodulatory properties. Finally, several metabolites such as flavonoid, alkaloid present in PLW and OLW also were analyzed through UPLC-Q-TOF MS in this study. Taken together, this study shows that PLW and OLW can act as immunoactive factors that stimulate and activate RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, it was finally confirmed that the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways are involved in this immune activity enhancing effect. Therefore, it is judged that PLW and OLW can be developed as natural materials with immune activation effects.