감귤착즙박을 이용한 버섯균사체 배양물의 성분 연구

Abstract

This study investigated the major components of the citrus press cake (CPC) and their changes resulting from cultivation of mushroom mycelia using CPC as substrates. Such mushrooms as Pycnoporus coccineus (PC), Lentinus edodes (LE), Pleurotus eryngii (PE), Hericium coralloides (HC), Panellus serotinus (PS) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL) were cultivated. Also, inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (ACE), pesticide residues and solvent-extracted volatile components from the dried powder prepared from Citrus unshiu product such as prematured Citrus unshiu (PCU), matured Citrus unshiu (MCU), Citrus unshiu peel (CUP), CPC, and the mushroom mycelia such as Pycnoporus coccineus (PC), Lentinus edodes (LE), Pleurotus eryngii (PE), Hericium coralloides (HC), Panellus serotinus (PS) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL), all cultivated using CPC, were examined. The crude ash contents of the mushroom mycelia increased more than those of CPC but total acid, reducing sugar, crude protein and crude fat were similar to or less than those of CPC. The organic acid contents of the mushroom mycelia were similar to or less than those of CPC but the organic acid contents of the PE mycelium increased 2.7 times or more than those of CPC because of increases in malic acid and citric acid. The fructose content of the mushroom mycelia showed a tendency to increase but that of PE mycelium was decreased than that of CPC. The glucose and sucrose contents of the mushroom mycelia showed a tendency to decrease. The narirutin contents of the mushroom mycelia ranged from 448.7-933.0 mg% and were similar to or less than those of CPC. However, the hesperidin of the mushroom mycelia ranged from 3020-4981 mg% and were 25.89-52.61% greater than the CPC (except PC and GL mycelium). The total dietary fiber (TDF), crude pectin (CP), neutral dietary fiber (NDF) and acid dietary fiber (ADF) contents of the mushroom mycelia were similar to or more than those of CPC. The β-glucan content of the mushroom mycelia as 9.43-13.69% were similar to or less than that of CPC and the total polyphenol contents of the mushroom mycelia as 8.01-20.28 mg% showed a tendency to decrease. With the exception of PE, both the electron donating abilities (EDA) and nitrite scavenging activities (NSA) showed a tendency to decrease. The ACE inhibition rates of citrus powder was 27.05-30.20% but the ACE inhibition rate of CPU as 41.35% was greater than that of CPC. The ACE inhibition rate of mushroom mycelia as 14.47-24.60% decreased than, 37.37%, that of CPC. GC/MS spectra library such as NIST and PMW was searched for the pesticide residues but any pesticide residues were not detected of all the samples. Twenty-nine volatile components were identified in dried powder prepared from Citrus unshiu. Of these, δ-elemene, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene, γ-elemene, germacrene-D and δ-cadinene were volatile components in the citrus essence oil, but 8-hydroxy-linalool, β-selinene, tetradecanoic acid and pentadecanal were changed components from essence oil components. Tangeretin, nobiletin and stigmasterol were detected in some samples. Eighteen volatile components were characterized from the mushroom mycelia. Of these, β-elemene, germacrene-D, and δ-cadinene, were derived from CPC, but caryophyllene, hexadecanoic acid, decanoic acid and tetradecanoic were synthesized by the mushroom mycelia. However, limonene-1,2-epoxide, ethyllinoleate, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,dicyclohexyl ester and γ-sitosterol were changed components from the volatile components of mushrooms or mushrooms mycelia.