제주 세계자연유산의 지속가능한 관광을 위한 지역주민의 갈등지각과 태도에 관한 연구

Abstract

The objective of this study is to theoretically systematize determinant factors related to residents' attitudes on tourism development to lead sustainable tourism development of Jeju as a World Natural Heritage Site. Of various determinant factors, this study tried to particularly conceptualize residents' perceptions of impacts on tourism, perceptions on sustainability, perceptions on conflict of tourism policy and tourism development. Also, based on existing research related to residents' attitudes to sustainable tourism development, this study tries to suggest integrated model of perceptions on sustainable tourism, perceptions of tourism impacts, perceptions of conflict and attitudes on conflict. Finally, through this study, it seeks to provide direction in tourism development which opinions of local residents are reflected in the process of drawing up tourism development plan to protect and conserve World Natural Heritage as well as to maximize economic, social, cultural, ecological effects positively on local community. The spacial scope of the study is focused on Geomunoreum Lava Tube System and Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Cone where local residents are living now. In particular, the survey was conducted on Seongsan-ri of Seogwiposi in relation to Seongsan Sunrise Peak. For Seomunoreum Lava Tube System, Seonhul 1, 2 ri of Jocheon, Gimnyeung-ri, Weoljeong-ri, Hangweon-ri, Deokcheon-ri of Gujwa. The time scope of this study includes qualitative research and the content and the details of a series of interviews during the study is set to 2006 when the issue concerning on inscribing Jeju as World Natural Heritage was addressed with local residents. Since there were some conflicts between local residents and the provincial government over World Natural Heritage issue, it is desirable to eliminate and adjust the survey period. However, survey period was set from 18 Oct. to 3 Nov. 2008 for empirical analysis. To accomplish the purpose of the study, literature review, qualitative interview and empirical survey were used as the research methods. In the literature review, sustainable tourism and theories, main characteristics and attributes related to residents' attitudes on tourism were identified and systematized by examining various textbooks, dissertations and periodicals. As the qualitative research method, this study tried to conduct qualitative interview and had 2nd rounds of interview with residents and public officials in charge of World Natural Heritage. This is because this study is aimed at examining tourism policy in particular region and perception of general conflict between residents and administrative organizations. Therefore, in this study, it is very important to understand relations among theoretical concepts and the actual situation. In empirical study, questionnaire items were developed based on the in-depth literature reviews and then questionnaire survey was conducted. As for the analysis methods, frequency analysis, factor analysis, K-mean cluster analysis and discriminant analysis were used for the statistical analysis. Also, to confirm the structural model, AMOS 7.0 program were employed. The results of this study are as follows. First, although there has been much discussions on eco-tourism or sustainable tourism, the results of the study showed that residents didn't recognize the tourism policies related to eco-tourism or sustainable tourism well and had very little experience in participating in the policy-making process. Therefore, administration authorities should give a chance of continuous communication to residents by sharing information about World Natural Heritage policy with them. Second, residents showed positively responded on the inscription of World Natural Heritage and were well aware of the need for the policy related to heritage inscription. It is said that residents recognized the importance of World Natural Heritage and they felt the need that it should be passed down to our future generation, while residents showed low reliability on policy organization and satisfaction with policy-sharing. Third, inscription of World Natural Heritage were successful, though, it can be said that the processes were mainly led by local government and the central government. Also, public hearing were held after government-led policies were made still for now. It is required to encourage local residents to actively participate in policy-making process on World Natural Heritage and carry out a series of projects to gain economic profits by utilizing the heritage. Fourth, the result of empirical study showed that a set of factors affecting local residents' attitudes were identified. When holding lands within World Natural Heritage site, perception on effect by tourism were the main conflicting factor while sustainability through tourism were not highly recognized. Especially, those who have the world natural heritage-designated properties are expected to show weaker response those who haven't. For the local residents who make profits through tourism like tourism businesses and tourism operators, their response is expected to be strong when there are conflicts over the inscription of World Natural Heritage. However, the scope of this study is only confined to specific area of World Natural Heritage of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. In addition, interviewers read and checked responses on the survey since mosts interviewees were the elderlies, suggesting changed content of survey. Future study is needed to address a series of conflicting issues by categorizing designated areas as village and identifying conflicting factors of each village. Finally, it is required to identify conflicts on three groups to solve overall issues concerning the inscription of world natural heritage: conflicts between local residents and local government, conflicts among local residents, conflict within local government.