제주 자생식물 추출물의 생리활성

Abstract

제주 자생식물 54종을 대상으로 상압 유기용매(70% 메탄올, 대기압, 상온)와 고압 유기용매(100% 메탄올, 13.6 MPa, 40℃)로 추출하여 총페놀 함량, DPPH radical과 nitric oxide(NO) 소거능, xanthine oxidase(XOD), tyrosinase 및 elastase 저해활성을 측정하여 자생식물 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 화장품 기능성을 검정하였다. 70% 메탄올 추출물의 총페놀 함량은 새우나무가 287.9 mg GAE/g로 가장 높았고, 이질풀, 아그배나무, 자금우, 짚신나물, 사람주나무가 각각 281.8 268.0, 261.6, 259.6, 245.6 mg GAE/g을 나타내었고, 딱지꽃, 석위, 붉가시나무, 소귀나무, 귀룽나무, 붉나무, 말오줌때 등도 200 mg GAE/g 이상의 높은 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 백량금이 94.1%로 가장 높았고, 소귀나무, 이질풀, 붉나무, 아그배나무, 새우나무, 팥배나무, 자금우, 귀룽나무, 석위, 붉가시나무, 딱지꽃, 사람주나무, 짚신나물, 말오줌때, 이삭여뀌, 산딸나무가 90% 이상으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 총페놀 함량에 비례하여 항산화 활성이 증가하는 상관관계(R2 = 0.8776)를 나타내었다. NO 소거활성은 자금우가 60.6%로 가장 높았고, 딱지꽃, 소귀나무, 석위, 산딸나무, 이삭여뀌, 귀룽나무, 붉가시나무, 멀꿀은 50% 이상의 소거활성을 나타내었다. XOD 저해활성은 붉나무와 산딸나무가 100%로 가장 높았고, 이삭여뀌와 소귀나무는 90% 이상을, 수까치깨, 자금우, 새우나무, 붉가시나무는 80% 이상의 저해활성을 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 이삭여뀌가 93.1%로 가장 높았고, 붉나무, 사방오리나무, 소귀나무, 자금우, 짚신나물, 딱지꽃이 80% 이상의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 고압 유기용매 추출물의 tyrosinase 저해활성에 대한 IC50은 자금우가 802 ppm으로 가장 낮았고, 그 다음이 소귀나무(959 ppm), 붉나무(1,494pm), 이삭여뀌(3,989 ppm), 산딸나무(5,296 ppm) 순이었다. 상압 유기용매(70% 메탄올) 추출물의 tyrosinase 저해활성에 대한 IC50은 자금우가 903 ppm으로 가장 낮았고, 그 다음이 소귀나무(974 ppm), 이삭여뀌(1,092 ppm), 붉나무(1,284 ppm), 산딸나무(7,244 ppm) 순이었다. 고압 유기용매 추출물의 elastase 저해활성에 대한 IC50은 소귀나무가 66 ppm으로 가장 낮았고, 그 다음이 자금우(88 ppm), 붉나무(100 ppm), 산딸나무(170 ppm), 이삭여뀌(282 ppm) 순이었다. 70% methanol 추출물의 elastase 저해활성에 대한 IC50은 자금우가 42 ppm으로 가장 낮았고, 그 다음이 붉나무(57 ppm), 소귀나무(69 ppm), 이삭여뀌(88 ppm), 산딸나무(302 ppm) 순이었다.

Natural plants in Jeju were extracted by traditional solvent extraction(70% methanol, atmospheric pressure, room temperature) and pressurized liquid extraction(100% methanol, 13.6 MPa, 40℃) methods. Their biological activity potentials such as total phenolic content(TPC), antioxidant activity(free radical scavenging activity(DPPH), nitric oxide(NO), xanthine oxidase(XOD)) and cosmetic functionality(tyrosinase and elastase inhibition activities) were measured. In traditional solvent extracts, the highest TPC(mg GAE/g dry sample) were obtained from Ostrya japonica(maximum 287.9), Geranium thunbergii(281.8), Malus sieboldii(268.0), Ardisia japonica(261.6), Agrimonia pilosa(259.6) and Sapium japonicum(245.6). The extracts from Potentilla chinensis, Pyrrosia lingua, Quercus acuta, Myrica rubra, Prunus padus, Rhus javanica and Euscaphis japonica contained more than 200 mg GAE/g dry sample of TPC. DPPH inhibition activity was the highest as 94.1% in Ardisia crenata, and the extracts from M. rubra, G. thunbergii, R. javanica, M. sieboldii, O. japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, A. japonica, P. padus, P. lingua, Q. acuta, P. chinensis, S. japonicum, A. pilosa, E. japonica, Persicaria filiformis and Cornus kousa showed more than 90% inhibition activity. High correlation was observed between DPPH inhibition activities and TPC(R2 = 0.87). Higher NO scavenging activity(>50%) were shown in A. japonica, P. chinensis, M. rubra, P. lingua, C. kousa, P. filiformis, P. padus, Q. acuta and Stauntonia hexaphylla. XOD inhibition activities were 100% in the extracts of R. javanica and C. kousa, The extracts from P. filiformis and M. rubra showed more than 90%, and those of Corchoropsis tomentosa, A. japonica, O. japonica, and Q. acuta showed more than 80% inhibition activities. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was the highest as 93.1% in P. filiformis, and more than 80% tyrosinase inhibition activities were obtained from the extracts of R. javanica, Alnus firma, M. rubra, A. japonica, A. pilosa and P. chinensis. Five natural plants with higher TPC and antioxidant activity were extracted by pressurized liquid. Their free radical scavenging(DPPH), tyrosinase and elastase inhibition activities were measured. Extraction yields by traditional solvent extraction and PLE were 16.8 and 13.4%, 18.4 and 14.3%, 18.6 and 11.6% in A. japonica, C. kousa. and M. rubra, respectively. DPPH and tyrosinase inhibition activities were almost the same in both extracts of traditional solvent extraction and PLE. In PLE, IC50 for tyrosinase inhibition activity were 802, 959, 1,494, 3,989 and 5,296 ppm in A. japonica, M. rubra, R. javanica, P. filiformis and C. kousa, respectively. In traditional solvent extracts, IC50 for tyrosinase inhibition activity were 903, 974, 1,092, 1,284, and 7,244 ppm in A. japonica, M. rubra, P. filiformis, R. javanica and C. kousa, respectively. In PLE, IC50 for elastase inhibition activity were 66, 88, 100, 170 and 282 ppm in M. rubra, A. japonica, R. javanica, C. kousa, and P. filiformis, respectively. In traditional solvent extracts, IC50 for elastase inhibition activity were 42, 57, 69, 88, and 302 ppm in A. japonica, R. javanica, M. rubra, P. filiformis, and C. kousa, respectively.