상향영향력 및 전술이 팀 유효성에 미치는 영향: 리더십 유효성의 매개효과를 중심으로

Abstract

Searching the preceding researches on influence of the internal organization, there are many researches on the downward influence focused on leadership of the internal organization, on the other hand there are a few researches about a low staff man/woman's upward influence on his/her boss. The upward influence is based on informal power. It is often considered as the political behavior with negative side emphasized. However, as the upward influence naturally exists in organizations, a member's ability of an organization to perform the upward influence is regarded as the critical factor determining the organization and effectiveness of a leader. We have studied the relationship where a team leader's upward influence and a team member's awareness of the leader's tactics which is performed to exercise the upward influence (upward influence tactics) have an effect on the member's perceived team effectiveness. And we tried to find out what kind of mechanism of the leadership effectiveness has an effect on the team effectiveness such as affective team commitment, team performance and etc. The survey of this paper is conducted with 316 team units of 18 organizations, the local government and local companies. We distributed two kinds of questionnaires to 2 people in 1 team, used finally 279 questionnaires of 578 people. In summary, the result of this paper shows firstly that the upward influence of the leader of the team unit has a positive effect on the team member's team commitment and team performance. Leadership effectiveness partially mediates the relationship between the team leader's upward influence and team commitment, team performance. Secondarily, we could not find out the directive effective of upward influence tactics that the team leader use to excise it on the team performance. The result includes that reason has a positive effect on affective team commitment; upward appeal has a negative effect on affective team commitment. And we could not find out the factors such as ingratiation, exchange, assertiveness and coalition have a directive effect on result variables. While the leadership effectiveness mediates the relationship between reason and affective team commitment, it does not mediate the relationship between upward appeal and affective team commitment. Lastly, result of frequency analysis of the survey, although both reason and ingratiation have used at the almost same frequency, ingratiation does not have an effect on affective team commitment. This result shows that if ingratiation is considered as a political behavior such as flattery, it marred the effect though reason could have a good feeling with politely attitude and image management. With this research, we make sure again that the upward influence tactics has a limitary effect on team effectiveness compared with upward influence. This implies that to use upward influence could have a partial effect on getting real influence, not be the critical factor to get it. Therefore, it is needed in the future researches involved in upward influence to study the upward influence instead the effectiveness of upward influence tactics relatively more used in the preceding researches or preceding factors.