제주 재래귤, '부지화' 미숙과 추출물 및 감귤 정유 성분의 기능성 화장품 소재화 연구

Abstract

The peel of Citrus fruit is rich in pectin, flavonoids, limonoids and coumarins that are valuable and functional dietary ingredients for human health. However, Citrus immature fruit peels produced by thinning were mostly discarded as a waste. Therefore, utilization of this peel waste has received much attention. 'Shiranuhi ((Citrus unshiu Marc. ⅹ C. sinensis Osbeck) ⅹ C. Reticulata Blanco)' and 'Hongkyool (Citrus tachibana Tanaka)' immature fruit peel (SIFP, HIFP) used in this study was collected from Jeju Citrus Research Institute (RDA), and then extracted with 80% ethanol. After that, SIFP was analyzed and purified using RP-C_(18) column equipped with MPLC. The structures of purified compounds were confirmed by ^(1)H and ^(13)C NMR. Ethyl acetate fraction of SIFP (SIFP-E) and compound 3-4 showed potent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Anti-inflammatory activity of SIFP-E and compound 4 were examined using RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells stimulated with LPS. As a result, SIFP-E and compound 4 had inhibited a nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE_(2)) productions significantly. Solvent fractions of HIFP were investigated for anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory effects. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content were the highest in the butanol fraction of 'Hongkyool' (HIFP-B, 5,344 ㎎/g). The HIFP fractions showed the strong antioxidant activities by DPPH method and ABTS method. The 'Hongkyool' ethyl acetate fraction (HIFP-E) inhibited the generation of nitric oxide, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Based on these results, we suggest that ' Shiranuhi' and 'Hongkyool' immature fruit peel maybe has the possibility for use as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent. This study was also designed to analyze the chemical composition of essential oil in 4 cultivars of Citrus fruit and to test their biological activities. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation from fruits collected from Jeju Island and were analyzed using GC/MSD and thirteen components were identified in the essential oil. Since acne vulgaris is the combined result of a bacterial infection and the inflammatory response to the infection, we examined whether citrus essential oils (CEOs) possessed antibacterial against skin pathogens. As a result, CEOs showed good antibacterial activities against drug-susceptible and –resistant Propionibacterium acnes. In this study, CEOs were examined on DPPH, hydroxyl, alkyl radical scavenging activities by ESR spectrophotometer, respectively. Based on these results, we suggest that essential oil of citrus fruit could be used as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.