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수치모델링을 활용한 수도권 연무 발생의 기상학적 메커니즘 및 물리·화학적 특성 분석

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Alternative Title
Meteorological mechanisms and physical and chemical characteristics for haze occurrences in the Seoul metropolitan area using numerical modeling
Abstract
In an effort to investigate the characteristics of synoptic meteorological conditions in association with haze event occurred over Korea, we statistically classified characteristics of haze events into three types of haze: Local emission stagnation (LES), Long-range transported (LRT), and Mixed types (MIX), based on the synoptic meteorological parameters, and analyze comparatively the characteristics of synoptic meteorological conditions for each case. The results showed that the LES haze type and MIX type occurs less frequently with the occurrence frequency of 18% and 23% than LRT type with the occurrence frequency of 36%. Analysis of frequency, air quality, and meteorological conditions for six weather types in Seoul during 2010-2019. During the observed haze days, all pollutants have high concentration in comparison with those under other meteorological conditions (Rain, Mist, Dust, Clear, Cloud) except for only PM10 of Dust case where its level shows highest among total 6 categorized conditions. The LRT haze case shows similar levels of PM10 and NO2, but higher SO2 compared with LES haze type, suggesting the importance of sulfur chemistry for LRT haze type and local photochemistry for LES haze type.
To analyze the characteristics of the high concentration PM2.5 during the haze event by LRT, LES, MIX type, we conduct an air quality numerical simulation using a CMAQ. The PM2.5 concentration in Seoul and the metropolitan area showed that the daytime (87.5 µg/m3) was lower than the nighttime (91.1 µg/m3), due to the active spread of the daytime atmospheric mix of PBL layer. In addition, the relative contributions of LRT from China and LES in South Korea to PM2.5 concentrations at six study area during the day and night on haze days. Overall, the contributions of LRT (a daily mean of 55%-62%) for all the sites were somewhat larger than those (32%-37%) of local emissions, by a factor of 1.6-1.9. Similar to the daily mean, the contributions of LRT during the day (49%-56%) and night (58%-68%) were larger than those of local emissions (32%-37% for day and 30%-39% for night), especially in the western and central Seoul. This implies that a concentration increase in PM2.5 and its inflow into the Seoul were primarily caused by the transport of PM2.5 and its precursor gases from the Chinese source regions and in part by their local accumulation with the meteorological conditions around Seoul (e.g., blocking effect) Moreover, our results suggest that the long-range transport from China has a greater impact than local emissions on the increases in PM2.5 concentrations on haze days.
The process analysis using IPR showed that transportation and aerosol processes were dominant, and that the change in PM2.5 concentration due to emissions was very low. Furthermore, the meteorological variables (air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) of DA case showed a higher improvement than those of NODA case, especially wind speed. In addition, the PM2.5 concentrations in the NODA case were mostly underestimated in the study area compared to the DA case. The meteorological improvements contributed greatly to the increase in PM2.5 concentrations in the DA case, and showed good agreement with its observed concentrations, especially to the nighttime PM2.5 increase due to the enhancement of atmospheric stability by reduced wind speed. In terms of spatial distributions, high PM2.5 concentrations in the DA case were mostly simulated in the western coastal area, northwestern or southwestern areas of the Seoul.
Author(s)
한승범
Issued Date
2021
Awarded Date
2021. 8
Type
Dissertation
URI
https://dcoll.jejunu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000010375
https://oak.jejunu.ac.kr/handle/2020.oak/23917
Alternative Author(s)
Han, Seung Beom
Affiliation
제주대학교 대학원
Department
대학원 지구해양융합학부
Advisor
송상근
Table Of Contents
제 1 장 서 론 1
제 2 장 재료 및 방법
2.1. 연구방법 및 자료
2.1.1. 대상지역 및 연무 발생일 선정 6
2.1.2. 연무 유형 분류 8
2.2. 모델 구성 및 입력자료
2.2.1. 기상모델과 자료동화 방법 11
2.2.2. 대기질 모델 22
2.2.3. 건강 편익 분석 모델 29
2.2.4. 후방궤적 분석 모델 30
제 3 장 연무 발생 기상학적 메커니즘 및 대기질 분석
3.1. 연무 유형별 종관기상학적 특성 및 기류패턴 분석
3.1.1. 연무 유형별 특성 32
3.1.2. 대표 사례일의 기상분류조건, 종관특성, 기류패턴 분석 39
3.2. 연무 유형별 발생빈도, 대기질 및 기상 분석
3.2.1. 유형별 발생빈도 52
3.2.2. 연무 유형별 기상 및 대기질 분석 55
제 4 장 수치모의를 통한 연무의 물리화학적 특성 분석
4.1. 연무 유형 대표사례의 미세먼지 농도 특성 분석
4.1.1. 복합형 연무 사례 60
4.1.1.1. 건강 영향 평가 73
4.1.2. 정체형 및 수송형 연무 사례 76
4.2. 미세먼지 생성에 대한 물리화학적 공정 기여도 분석
4.2.1. 복합형 연무 사례 93
4.2.2. 정체형 및 수송형 연무 사례 100
4.3. 미세먼지 예측에 대한 기상장 자료동화 효과 분석
4.3.1. 자료동화에 의한 기상변화 분석 119
4.3.2. 자료동화 적용한 미세먼지 농도 예측 및 영향 분석 128
제 5 장 요약 및 결론 139
참 고 문 헌 142
Abstract 154
Degree
Doctor
Publisher
제주대학교 대학원
Citation
한승범. (2021). 수치모델링을 활용한 수도권 연무 발생의 기상학적 메커니즘 및 물리·화학적 특성 분석
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Faculty of Earth and Marine Convergence > Earth and Marine Science
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