풋귤의 지역, 크기, 채집시기에 따른 지표분석과 항산화 활성 및 항염효과

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant acrivity and anti-inflamatory effect according to the region, size, and the picking time of Premature Mandarins(PM). A PM which is an unripe fruit of tangerine, has higher contents of polyphenol and flavonoids such as hesperidin, rutine, etc., than that of a ripe mandarin and it contains a lot of dietary fiber and organic acids, etc., and has a high antioxidant effect. In our study, the PMs were picked in July and August, in Aewol and Namwon region and were classified by its sizes. The peels, Citrus Unshius Pericarpium (CUP), of the PMs purchased in September were extracted with 50% ethanol and with this sample, the hesperidin content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect were comparatively analyzed. The content of hesperidin in the PMs were 3.46, 2.96, 2.62, 1.68, 1.58, 1.96, and 1.56% and a slight increase in its level in 5~6cm and 6~7cm, however; it was seen that the hesperidin content level decreased as the picking time was delayed and the size increased. The differences by regions showed a similar level. The Total Polyphenol Content(TPC) levels were 54.0, 41.4, 37.8, 29.5, 23.2, 22.9, and 19.3 mg GAE/g and this appeared to be decreasing as the picking time delayed and the size increased, and there were no differences in regions. The TPC of CUP was 25.0mg GAE/g and it was confirmed to be lower than PM. The DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities were 67.1, 60.9, 46.7, 41.8, 33.3, 27.4, and 35.8% and as the picking time was delayed and the size increased, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was seen to be decreasing. There were no regional differences. The PMs of September showed 35.8% which was higher than those of August and it was a smaller number than that of 4-5cm sized ones of August and as the picking time is delayed, it can be said that the DPPH radical activity decreased. The DPPH radical scavenging activity in the CUP extract was 28.1% and it was confirmed to be lower than PM. Lastly, in order to examine the effect of NO(Nitric Oxide) inhibitory, PM’s MTT assay cytotoxicity was tested and all samples were found to be non-toxic up to 400μg/ml. In addition, the results of the NO inhibitory effect were 17.91, 14.70, 13.19, 10.19, 6.93, and 2.26% and it tended to decrease as the picking time was delayed and the size decreased. It was confirmed that no regional differences were seen in all of hesperidin, total polyphenols, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and NO activity inhibitory effects. Although there is no regional differences in PM, we have found the smaller size and earlier the picking time, the more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects than CUP

본 연구의 목적은 풋귤의 지역, 크기, 채집시기에 따른 지표분석과 항산화 활성 및 항염 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다.

감귤의 미숙과인 풋귤(Premature Mandarin, PM)은 완숙과보다 polyphenol 과 hesperidin, rutin 등의 flavonoids 의 함량이 높으며 식이섬유, 유기산 등도 많이 함유되어 있고 높은 항산화 효과가 있다는 특징을 가진다.

PM을 7월과 8월, 애월과 남원에서 채집하여 크기 별로 구분였으며 9월에 구입한 PM, 진피(Citrus Unshius Pericarpium, CUP) 를 50% ethanol로 추출하였고 제조한 시료로 hesperidin 함량과 항산화 항염 효과를 비교 분석 하고자 하였다.

PM의 hesperidin 함량은 3.46, 2.96, 2.62, 1.68, 1.58, 1.96, 1.56%로 5~6cm와 6~7cm에서 함량이 조금 높아지는 것이 확인되었으나, 채집시기가 늦어질수록, 크기가 커질수록 hesperidin 함량이 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 지역에 따른 차이는 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 총폴리페놀 함량은 54.0, 41.4, 37.8, 29.5, 23.2, 22.9, 19.3 mg GAE/g로 채집시기가 늦어질수록, 크기가 커질수록 감소하였으며, 지역에 따른 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. CUP의 TPC는 25.0mg GAE/g 이며 PM보다 낮은 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. DPPH radical 소거 활성은 67.1, 60.9, 46.7, 41.8, 33.3, 27.4, 35.8%로 채집시기가 늦어질수록, 크기가 커질수록 DPPH radical 소거 활성이 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 지역에 따른 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 9월의 PM에서 35.8%로 8월 보다 높게 나타났으나 8월의 4-5cm 크기보다는 적은 수치 이며 채집 시기가 늦어질수록 DPPH radical 활성이 감소한다고 나타낼 수 있다. CUP 추출물에서의 DPPH radical 소거 활성은 28.1 %로 PM보다 낮은 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 NO 활성저해 효과를 보기 위하여 PM의 MTT assay 세포 독성 시험을 한 결과 모든 시료가 400μg/ml 까지 독성이 없는 것으로 나타 났으며 NO 활성 저해 효과는 17.91, 14.70, 13.19, 10.19, 6.93, 2.26%로 채집시기가 늦어질수록 크기가 커질수록 NO 활성 저해 효과는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Hesperidin, 총폴리페놀, DPPH radical 소거 활성, NO 활성 저해 효과 모두 에서 지역에 따른 차이가 없었음을 확인 하였다.

결론적으로, PM은 지역에 대한 차이는 없으나 크기가 작을수록, 채집시기가 빠를수록, CUP보다 항산화 및 항염 효과가 있음을 확인 하였다.